Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biocompatible resorbable material, but its use is limited due to the fact that it is characterized by the lack of cell adhesion to its surface. Various chemical and physical methods are described in the literature, as well as modifications with various nanoparticles a...

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Autores principales:	Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska, Anna Kołodziej, Małgorzata Świętek, Łukasz Skalniak, Elżbieta Długoń, Maria Pajda, Marta Błażewicz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nanomaterials poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs) Raman microspectroscopy human U-2 OS cell line Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/170ad1ef57dd4f039b610648531f8551
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:170ad1ef57dd4f039b610648531f85512021-11-25T18:30:37ZEarly Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy10.3390/nano111128902079-4991https://doaj.org/article/170ad1ef57dd4f039b610648531f85512021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/2890https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biocompatible resorbable material, but its use is limited due to the fact that it is characterized by the lack of cell adhesion to its surface. Various chemical and physical methods are described in the literature, as well as modifications with various nanoparticles aimed at giving it such surface properties that would positively affect cell adhesion. Nanomaterials, in the form of membranes, were obtained by the introduction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs and functionalized nanotubes, MWCNTs-f) as well as electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs, and functionalized nanofibers, ESCNFs-f) into a PCL matrix. Their properties were compared with that of reference, unmodified PCL membrane. Human osteoblast-like cell line, U-2 OS (expressing green fluorescent protein, GFP) was seeded on the evaluated nanomaterial membranes at relatively low confluency and cultured in the standard cell culture conditions. The attachment and the growth of the cell populations on the polymer and nanocomposite samples were monitored throughout the first week of culture with fluorescence microscopy. Simultaneously, Raman microspectroscopy was also used to track the dependence of U-2 OS cell development on the type of nanomaterial, and it has proven to be the best method for the early detection of nanomaterial/cell interactions. The differentiation of interactions depending on the type of nanoadditive is indicated by the ν(COC) vibration range, which indicates the interaction with PCL membranes with carbon nanotubes, while it is irrelevant for PCL with carbon nanofibers, for which no changes are observed. The vibration range ω(CH<sub>2</sub>) indicates the interaction for PCL with carbon nanofibers with seeded cells. The crystallinity of the area ν(C=O) increases for PCL/MWCNTs and for PCL/MWCNTs-f, while it decreases for PCL/ESCNFs and for PCL/ESCNFs-f with seeded cells. The crystallinity of the membranes, which is determined by Raman microspectroscopy, allows for the assessment of polymer structure changes and their degradability caused by the secretion of cell products into the ECM and the differentiation of interactions depending on the carbon nanostructure. The obtained nanocomposite membranes are promising bioactive materials.Aleksandra Wesełucha-BirczyńskaAnna KołodziejMałgorzata ŚwiętekŁukasz SkalniakElżbieta DługońMaria PajdaMarta BłażewiczMDPI AGarticlenanomaterialspoly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs)Raman microspectroscopyhuman U-2 OS cell lineChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2890, p 2890 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nanomaterials poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs) Raman microspectroscopy human U-2 OS cell line Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	nanomaterials poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs) Raman microspectroscopy human U-2 OS cell line Chemistry QD1-999 Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska Anna Kołodziej Małgorzata Świętek Łukasz Skalniak Elżbieta Długoń Maria Pajda Marta Błażewicz Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy
description	Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biocompatible resorbable material, but its use is limited due to the fact that it is characterized by the lack of cell adhesion to its surface. Various chemical and physical methods are described in the literature, as well as modifications with various nanoparticles aimed at giving it such surface properties that would positively affect cell adhesion. Nanomaterials, in the form of membranes, were obtained by the introduction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs and functionalized nanotubes, MWCNTs-f) as well as electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs, and functionalized nanofibers, ESCNFs-f) into a PCL matrix. Their properties were compared with that of reference, unmodified PCL membrane. Human osteoblast-like cell line, U-2 OS (expressing green fluorescent protein, GFP) was seeded on the evaluated nanomaterial membranes at relatively low confluency and cultured in the standard cell culture conditions. The attachment and the growth of the cell populations on the polymer and nanocomposite samples were monitored throughout the first week of culture with fluorescence microscopy. Simultaneously, Raman microspectroscopy was also used to track the dependence of U-2 OS cell development on the type of nanomaterial, and it has proven to be the best method for the early detection of nanomaterial/cell interactions. The differentiation of interactions depending on the type of nanoadditive is indicated by the ν(COC) vibration range, which indicates the interaction with PCL membranes with carbon nanotubes, while it is irrelevant for PCL with carbon nanofibers, for which no changes are observed. The vibration range ω(CH<sub>2</sub>) indicates the interaction for PCL with carbon nanofibers with seeded cells. The crystallinity of the area ν(C=O) increases for PCL/MWCNTs and for PCL/MWCNTs-f, while it decreases for PCL/ESCNFs and for PCL/ESCNFs-f with seeded cells. The crystallinity of the membranes, which is determined by Raman microspectroscopy, allows for the assessment of polymer structure changes and their degradability caused by the secretion of cell products into the ECM and the differentiation of interactions depending on the carbon nanostructure. The obtained nanocomposite membranes are promising bioactive materials.
format	article
author	Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska Anna Kołodziej Małgorzata Świętek Łukasz Skalniak Elżbieta Długoń Maria Pajda Marta Błażewicz
author_facet	Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska Anna Kołodziej Małgorzata Świętek Łukasz Skalniak Elżbieta Długoń Maria Pajda Marta Błażewicz
author_sort	Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska
title	Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy
title_short	Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy
title_full	Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy
title_fullStr	Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy
title_full_unstemmed	Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy
title_sort	early recognition of the pcl/fibrous carbon nanocomposites interaction with osteoblast-like cells by raman spectroscopy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/170ad1ef57dd4f039b610648531f8551
work_keys_str_mv	AT aleksandrawesełuchabirczynska earlyrecognitionofthepclfibrouscarbonnanocompositesinteractionwithosteoblastlikecellsbyramanspectroscopy AT annakołodziej earlyrecognitionofthepclfibrouscarbonnanocompositesinteractionwithosteoblastlikecellsbyramanspectroscopy AT małgorzataswietek earlyrecognitionofthepclfibrouscarbonnanocompositesinteractionwithosteoblastlikecellsbyramanspectroscopy AT łukaszskalniak earlyrecognitionofthepclfibrouscarbonnanocompositesinteractionwithosteoblastlikecellsbyramanspectroscopy AT elzbietadługon earlyrecognitionofthepclfibrouscarbonnanocompositesinteractionwithosteoblastlikecellsbyramanspectroscopy AT mariapajda earlyrecognitionofthepclfibrouscarbonnanocompositesinteractionwithosteoblastlikecellsbyramanspectroscopy AT martabłazewicz earlyrecognitionofthepclfibrouscarbonnanocompositesinteractionwithosteoblastlikecellsbyramanspectroscopy
_version_	1718411060161019904

Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy

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