Tilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) causes high mortality and high economic losses in tilapines. We describe an experimental challenge study focusing on early post challenge innate immune responses. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were infected with 105 TCID50/mL TiLV intraperitoneally, followed...

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Autores principales:	Kizito K. Mugimba, Mustapha Lamkhannat, Saurabh Dubey, Stephen Mutoloki, Hetron M. Munang’andu, Øystein Evensen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1715900217bb4a2f9907a27e45680f9d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1715900217bb4a2f9907a27e45680f9d2021-12-02T12:33:46ZTilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)10.1038/s41598-020-73781-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1715900217bb4a2f9907a27e45680f9d2020-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73781-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) causes high mortality and high economic losses in tilapines. We describe an experimental challenge study focusing on early post challenge innate immune responses. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were infected with 105 TCID50/mL TiLV intraperitoneally, followed by virus quantification, histopathology and gene expression analysis in target (brain/liver) and lymphoid (spleen/headkidney) organs at 3, 7, 12, 17, and 34 days post challenge (dpc). Onset of mortality was from 21 dpc, and cumulative mortality was 38.5% by 34 dpc. Liver and kidney histopathology developed over the period 3–17 dpc, characterized by anisocytosis, anisokaryocytosis, and formation of multinucleated hepatocytes. Viral loads were highest at early time (3 dpc) in liver, spleen and kidney, declining towards 34 dpc. In brain, viral titer peaked 17 dpc. Innate sensors, TLRs 3/7 were inversely correlated with virus titer in brain and headkidney, and IFN-ß and Mx showed a similar pattern. All organs showed increased mRNA IgM expression over the course of infection. Overall, high virus titers downplay innate responses, and an increase is seen when viral titers decline. In silico modeling found that TiLV segments 4, 5 and 10 carry nucleolar localization signals. Anti-viral effects of TiLV facilitate production of virus at early stage of infection.Kizito K. MugimbaMustapha LamkhannatSaurabh DubeyStephen MutolokiHetron M. Munang’anduØystein EvensenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kizito K. Mugimba Mustapha Lamkhannat Saurabh Dubey Stephen Mutoloki Hetron M. Munang’andu Øystein Evensen Tilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
description	Abstract Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) causes high mortality and high economic losses in tilapines. We describe an experimental challenge study focusing on early post challenge innate immune responses. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were infected with 105 TCID50/mL TiLV intraperitoneally, followed by virus quantification, histopathology and gene expression analysis in target (brain/liver) and lymphoid (spleen/headkidney) organs at 3, 7, 12, 17, and 34 days post challenge (dpc). Onset of mortality was from 21 dpc, and cumulative mortality was 38.5% by 34 dpc. Liver and kidney histopathology developed over the period 3–17 dpc, characterized by anisocytosis, anisokaryocytosis, and formation of multinucleated hepatocytes. Viral loads were highest at early time (3 dpc) in liver, spleen and kidney, declining towards 34 dpc. In brain, viral titer peaked 17 dpc. Innate sensors, TLRs 3/7 were inversely correlated with virus titer in brain and headkidney, and IFN-ß and Mx showed a similar pattern. All organs showed increased mRNA IgM expression over the course of infection. Overall, high virus titers downplay innate responses, and an increase is seen when viral titers decline. In silico modeling found that TiLV segments 4, 5 and 10 carry nucleolar localization signals. Anti-viral effects of TiLV facilitate production of virus at early stage of infection.
format	article
author	Kizito K. Mugimba Mustapha Lamkhannat Saurabh Dubey Stephen Mutoloki Hetron M. Munang’andu Øystein Evensen
author_facet	Kizito K. Mugimba Mustapha Lamkhannat Saurabh Dubey Stephen Mutoloki Hetron M. Munang’andu Øystein Evensen
author_sort	Kizito K. Mugimba
title	Tilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_short	Tilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_full	Tilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_fullStr	Tilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_full_unstemmed	Tilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_sort	tilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/1715900217bb4a2f9907a27e45680f9d
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Tilapia lake virus downplays innate immune responses during early stage of infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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