Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.

<h4>Background</h4>Q fever is a common cause of febrile illness and community-acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings. Coxiella burnetii, the causative pathogen, is transmitted among varied host species, but the epidemiology of the organism in Africa is poorly understood. We cond...

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Autores principales:	Sky Vanderburg, Matthew P Rubach, Jo E B Halliday, Sarah Cleaveland, Elizabeth A Reddy, John A Crump
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/172497e9a496494e9738fa8fad77438d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:172497e9a496494e9738fa8fad77438d2021-11-18T09:16:12ZEpidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0002787https://doaj.org/article/172497e9a496494e9738fa8fad77438d2014-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24722554/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Q fever is a common cause of febrile illness and community-acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings. Coxiella burnetii, the causative pathogen, is transmitted among varied host species, but the epidemiology of the organism in Africa is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review of C. burnetii epidemiology in Africa from a "One Health" perspective to synthesize the published data and identify knowledge gaps.<h4>Methods/principal findings</h4>We searched nine databases to identify articles relevant to four key aspects of C. burnetii epidemiology in human and animal populations in Africa: infection prevalence; disease incidence; transmission risk factors; and infection control efforts. We identified 929 unique articles, 100 of which remained after full-text review. Of these, 41 articles describing 51 studies qualified for data extraction. Animal seroprevalence studies revealed infection by C. burnetii (≤13%) among cattle except for studies in Western and Middle Africa (18-55%). Small ruminant seroprevalence ranged from 11-33%. Human seroprevalence was <8% with the exception of studies among children and in Egypt (10-32%). Close contact with camels and rural residence were associated with increased seropositivity among humans. C. burnetii infection has been associated with livestock abortion. In human cohort studies, Q fever accounted for 2-9% of febrile illness hospitalizations and 1-3% of infective endocarditis cases. We found no studies of disease incidence estimates or disease control efforts.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>C. burnetii infection is detected in humans and in a wide range of animal species across Africa, but seroprevalence varies widely by species and location. Risk factors underlying this variability are poorly understood as is the role of C. burnetii in livestock abortion. Q fever consistently accounts for a notable proportion of undifferentiated human febrile illness and infective endocarditis in cohort studies, but incidence estimates are lacking. C. burnetii presents a real yet underappreciated threat to human and animal health throughout Africa.Sky VanderburgMatthew P RubachJo E B HallidaySarah CleavelandElizabeth A ReddyJohn A CrumpPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 4, p e2787 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Sky Vanderburg Matthew P Rubach Jo E B Halliday Sarah Cleaveland Elizabeth A Reddy John A Crump Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Q fever is a common cause of febrile illness and community-acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings. Coxiella burnetii, the causative pathogen, is transmitted among varied host species, but the epidemiology of the organism in Africa is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review of C. burnetii epidemiology in Africa from a "One Health" perspective to synthesize the published data and identify knowledge gaps.<h4>Methods/principal findings</h4>We searched nine databases to identify articles relevant to four key aspects of C. burnetii epidemiology in human and animal populations in Africa: infection prevalence; disease incidence; transmission risk factors; and infection control efforts. We identified 929 unique articles, 100 of which remained after full-text review. Of these, 41 articles describing 51 studies qualified for data extraction. Animal seroprevalence studies revealed infection by C. burnetii (≤13%) among cattle except for studies in Western and Middle Africa (18-55%). Small ruminant seroprevalence ranged from 11-33%. Human seroprevalence was <8% with the exception of studies among children and in Egypt (10-32%). Close contact with camels and rural residence were associated with increased seropositivity among humans. C. burnetii infection has been associated with livestock abortion. In human cohort studies, Q fever accounted for 2-9% of febrile illness hospitalizations and 1-3% of infective endocarditis cases. We found no studies of disease incidence estimates or disease control efforts.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>C. burnetii infection is detected in humans and in a wide range of animal species across Africa, but seroprevalence varies widely by species and location. Risk factors underlying this variability are poorly understood as is the role of C. burnetii in livestock abortion. Q fever consistently accounts for a notable proportion of undifferentiated human febrile illness and infective endocarditis in cohort studies, but incidence estimates are lacking. C. burnetii presents a real yet underappreciated threat to human and animal health throughout Africa.
format	article
author	Sky Vanderburg Matthew P Rubach Jo E B Halliday Sarah Cleaveland Elizabeth A Reddy John A Crump
author_facet	Sky Vanderburg Matthew P Rubach Jo E B Halliday Sarah Cleaveland Elizabeth A Reddy John A Crump
author_sort	Sky Vanderburg
title	Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.
title_short	Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.
title_full	Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.
title_fullStr	Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.
title_full_unstemmed	Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.
title_sort	epidemiology of coxiella burnetii infection in africa: a onehealth systematic review.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/172497e9a496494e9738fa8fad77438d
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Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.

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