Addressing Social Inequality and Improper Water Distribution in Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan

Inhabited by almost 20 million people, Karachi, also known as the “city of lights”, houses almost 60 percent of the industries in Pakistan and is considered as the financial and industrial center of the country. The city contributes almost 12–15 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP), showing i...

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Autores principales:	Shahmir Janjua, Ishtiaq Hassan, Muhammad Umair Ali, Malik Muhammad Ibrahim, Amad Zafar, Sangil Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	social inequality Karachi Karachi water and sewerage board Nash bargaining theory Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/172500457b86406db205f46c05d221fb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:172500457b86406db205f46c05d221fb2021-11-25T18:10:19ZAddressing Social Inequality and Improper Water Distribution in Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan10.3390/land101112782073-445Xhttps://doaj.org/article/172500457b86406db205f46c05d221fb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/11/1278https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445XInhabited by almost 20 million people, Karachi, also known as the “city of lights”, houses almost 60 percent of the industries in Pakistan and is considered as the financial and industrial center of the country. The city contributes almost 12–15 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP), showing its significance in Pakistan’s economy. Unfortunately, with the increase in population, the city is facing a serious shortage of water supply. The current allocation of water among the city’s districts is not equitable, which has caused water scarcity and even riots in some areas. Surface water and ground water are the two primary sources of water supply in the city. The water supply provided by Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) is approximately 650 million gallons per day (MGD) against a demand of 480–866 million gallons per day (MGD), resulting in a serious shortfall. Keeping a holistic view in mind, this paper focuses specifically on proposing measures to address the gap in proposing concrete solutions to manage Karachi’s increasing water woes. It also proposes a water allocation mechanism and uses Nash bargaining theory to address the inefficient and unequal water distribution. Results indicate that our suggested policies and water allocation mechanism have the potential to simultaneously resolve the supply–demand mismatch and water shortage problems of the city.Shahmir JanjuaIshtiaq HassanMuhammad Umair AliMalik Muhammad IbrahimAmad ZafarSangil KimMDPI AGarticlesocial inequalityKarachiKarachi water and sewerage boardNash bargaining theoryAgricultureSENLand, Vol 10, Iss 1278, p 1278 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	social inequality Karachi Karachi water and sewerage board Nash bargaining theory Agriculture S
spellingShingle	social inequality Karachi Karachi water and sewerage board Nash bargaining theory Agriculture S Shahmir Janjua Ishtiaq Hassan Muhammad Umair Ali Malik Muhammad Ibrahim Amad Zafar Sangil Kim Addressing Social Inequality and Improper Water Distribution in Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan
description	Inhabited by almost 20 million people, Karachi, also known as the “city of lights”, houses almost 60 percent of the industries in Pakistan and is considered as the financial and industrial center of the country. The city contributes almost 12–15 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP), showing its significance in Pakistan’s economy. Unfortunately, with the increase in population, the city is facing a serious shortage of water supply. The current allocation of water among the city’s districts is not equitable, which has caused water scarcity and even riots in some areas. Surface water and ground water are the two primary sources of water supply in the city. The water supply provided by Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) is approximately 650 million gallons per day (MGD) against a demand of 480–866 million gallons per day (MGD), resulting in a serious shortfall. Keeping a holistic view in mind, this paper focuses specifically on proposing measures to address the gap in proposing concrete solutions to manage Karachi’s increasing water woes. It also proposes a water allocation mechanism and uses Nash bargaining theory to address the inefficient and unequal water distribution. Results indicate that our suggested policies and water allocation mechanism have the potential to simultaneously resolve the supply–demand mismatch and water shortage problems of the city.
format	article
author	Shahmir Janjua Ishtiaq Hassan Muhammad Umair Ali Malik Muhammad Ibrahim Amad Zafar Sangil Kim
author_facet	Shahmir Janjua Ishtiaq Hassan Muhammad Umair Ali Malik Muhammad Ibrahim Amad Zafar Sangil Kim
author_sort	Shahmir Janjua
title	Addressing Social Inequality and Improper Water Distribution in Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan
title_short	Addressing Social Inequality and Improper Water Distribution in Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan
title_full	Addressing Social Inequality and Improper Water Distribution in Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan
title_fullStr	Addressing Social Inequality and Improper Water Distribution in Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed	Addressing Social Inequality and Improper Water Distribution in Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan
title_sort	addressing social inequality and improper water distribution in cities: a case study of karachi, pakistan
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/172500457b86406db205f46c05d221fb
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Addressing Social Inequality and Improper Water Distribution in Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan

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