Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging

With an increased life expectancy among humans, aging has recently emerged as a major focus in biomedical research. The lack of in vitro aging models—especially for neurological disorders, where access to human brain tissues is limited—has hampered the progress in studies on human brain aging and va...

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Autores principales:	Chuan-Chuan Chao, Po-Wen Shen, Tsai-Yu Tzeng, Hsing-Jien Kung, Ting-Fen Tsai, Yu-Hui Wong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	brain aging neuronal senescence human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) induced neurons (iNs) CRISPR genome editing technology Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/176669d699564ff39946f69f3f715455
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:176669d699564ff39946f69f3f7154552021-11-25T16:49:53ZHuman iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging10.3390/biomedicines91116352227-9059https://doaj.org/article/176669d699564ff39946f69f3f7154552021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1635https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059With an increased life expectancy among humans, aging has recently emerged as a major focus in biomedical research. The lack of in vitro aging models—especially for neurological disorders, where access to human brain tissues is limited—has hampered the progress in studies on human brain aging and various age-associated neurodegenerative diseases at the cellular and molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview of age-related changes in the transcriptome, in signaling pathways, and in relation to epigenetic factors that occur in senescent neurons. Moreover, we explore the current cell models used to study neuronal aging in vitro, including immortalized cell lines, primary neuronal culture, neurons directly converted from fibroblasts (Fib-iNs), and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-iNs); we also discuss the advantages and limitations of these models. In addition, the key phenotypes associated with cellular senescence that have been observed by these models are compared. Finally, we focus on the potential of combining human iPSC-iNs with genome editing technology in order to further our understanding of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the future directions and challenges in the field.Chuan-Chuan ChaoPo-Wen ShenTsai-Yu TzengHsing-Jien KungTing-Fen TsaiYu-Hui WongMDPI AGarticlebrain agingneuronal senescencehuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)induced neurons (iNs)CRISPRgenome editing technologyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1635, p 1635 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	brain aging neuronal senescence human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) induced neurons (iNs) CRISPR genome editing technology Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	brain aging neuronal senescence human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) induced neurons (iNs) CRISPR genome editing technology Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chuan-Chuan Chao Po-Wen Shen Tsai-Yu Tzeng Hsing-Jien Kung Ting-Fen Tsai Yu-Hui Wong Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging
description	With an increased life expectancy among humans, aging has recently emerged as a major focus in biomedical research. The lack of in vitro aging models—especially for neurological disorders, where access to human brain tissues is limited—has hampered the progress in studies on human brain aging and various age-associated neurodegenerative diseases at the cellular and molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview of age-related changes in the transcriptome, in signaling pathways, and in relation to epigenetic factors that occur in senescent neurons. Moreover, we explore the current cell models used to study neuronal aging in vitro, including immortalized cell lines, primary neuronal culture, neurons directly converted from fibroblasts (Fib-iNs), and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-iNs); we also discuss the advantages and limitations of these models. In addition, the key phenotypes associated with cellular senescence that have been observed by these models are compared. Finally, we focus on the potential of combining human iPSC-iNs with genome editing technology in order to further our understanding of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the future directions and challenges in the field.
format	article
author	Chuan-Chuan Chao Po-Wen Shen Tsai-Yu Tzeng Hsing-Jien Kung Ting-Fen Tsai Yu-Hui Wong
author_facet	Chuan-Chuan Chao Po-Wen Shen Tsai-Yu Tzeng Hsing-Jien Kung Ting-Fen Tsai Yu-Hui Wong
author_sort	Chuan-Chuan Chao
title	Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging
title_short	Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging
title_full	Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging
title_fullStr	Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging
title_full_unstemmed	Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging
title_sort	human ipsc-derived neurons as a platform for deciphering the mechanisms behind brain aging
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/176669d699564ff39946f69f3f715455
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Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging

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