Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors

The quality assurance of constructing reinforced concrete (RC) structures in compliance with their design plays a key role in the durability, serviceability, and sustainability of the built RC elements. One area of concern in the quality control of constructing RC structures is examining the positio...

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Autores principales:	Xinxing Yuan, Fernando Moreu, Maryam Hojati
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	automatic rebar inspection reinforcement concrete structure RGB-D sensor slicing algorithm rebar evaluation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/176d45e9415d43d39cf10f3586e683c9
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:176d45e9415d43d39cf10f3586e683c9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:176d45e9415d43d39cf10f3586e683c92021-11-25T19:01:38ZCost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors10.3390/su1322125092071-1050https://doaj.org/article/176d45e9415d43d39cf10f3586e683c92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12509https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The quality assurance of constructing reinforced concrete (RC) structures in compliance with their design plays a key role in the durability, serviceability, and sustainability of the built RC elements. One area of concern in the quality control of constructing RC structures is examining the position and dimension of the rebars before pouring fresh concrete. Currently, this is accomplished by visual inspection and individually by hand with limited time available between construction stages. Over the past decades, structural health and monitoring during the construction period has applied remote sensing technologies. However, little research has focused on the use of such technologies to inspect and evaluate rebar placement prior to concrete pouring as quality control. In this study we develop an algorithm that facilitates inspecting the positions of rebars and the cover of concrete using a new-generation low-cost RGB-D sensor to find incorrect rebar placement. The proposed method is evaluated using a typical 5 × 5 two-layer rebar cage in the laboratory by comparing the proposed technique with traditional inspection methods. The results show that the RGB-D sensor can achieve cost-effective inspection for rebar spacing and clearance with an acceptable tolerance. The evaluation of rebar spacing results shows that the maximum standard deviation for rebar spacing is 0.34 inch (8.64 mm) between longitudinal rebar 2 and 3, which is the same as the rebar construction and traditional tape measurement results. The concrete cover estimation results show that the maximum standard deviation for rebar cage concrete cover is 0.19 inch (4.83 mm) for longitudinal rebar 3. The issues of new RGB-D sensor scan settings and the test results will be helpful for practitioners in improving construction quality.Xinxing YuanFernando MoreuMaryam HojatiMDPI AGarticleautomatic rebar inspectionreinforcement concrete structureRGB-D sensorslicing algorithmrebar evaluationEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12509, p 12509 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	automatic rebar inspection reinforcement concrete structure RGB-D sensor slicing algorithm rebar evaluation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	automatic rebar inspection reinforcement concrete structure RGB-D sensor slicing algorithm rebar evaluation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Xinxing Yuan Fernando Moreu Maryam Hojati Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors
description	The quality assurance of constructing reinforced concrete (RC) structures in compliance with their design plays a key role in the durability, serviceability, and sustainability of the built RC elements. One area of concern in the quality control of constructing RC structures is examining the position and dimension of the rebars before pouring fresh concrete. Currently, this is accomplished by visual inspection and individually by hand with limited time available between construction stages. Over the past decades, structural health and monitoring during the construction period has applied remote sensing technologies. However, little research has focused on the use of such technologies to inspect and evaluate rebar placement prior to concrete pouring as quality control. In this study we develop an algorithm that facilitates inspecting the positions of rebars and the cover of concrete using a new-generation low-cost RGB-D sensor to find incorrect rebar placement. The proposed method is evaluated using a typical 5 × 5 two-layer rebar cage in the laboratory by comparing the proposed technique with traditional inspection methods. The results show that the RGB-D sensor can achieve cost-effective inspection for rebar spacing and clearance with an acceptable tolerance. The evaluation of rebar spacing results shows that the maximum standard deviation for rebar spacing is 0.34 inch (8.64 mm) between longitudinal rebar 2 and 3, which is the same as the rebar construction and traditional tape measurement results. The concrete cover estimation results show that the maximum standard deviation for rebar cage concrete cover is 0.19 inch (4.83 mm) for longitudinal rebar 3. The issues of new RGB-D sensor scan settings and the test results will be helpful for practitioners in improving construction quality.
format	article
author	Xinxing Yuan Fernando Moreu Maryam Hojati
author_facet	Xinxing Yuan Fernando Moreu Maryam Hojati
author_sort	Xinxing Yuan
title	Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors
title_short	Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors
title_full	Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors
title_fullStr	Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors
title_full_unstemmed	Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors
title_sort	cost-effective inspection of rebar spacing and clearance using rgb-d sensors
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/176d45e9415d43d39cf10f3586e683c9
work_keys_str_mv	AT xinxingyuan costeffectiveinspectionofrebarspacingandclearanceusingrgbdsensors AT fernandomoreu costeffectiveinspectionofrebarspacingandclearanceusingrgbdsensors AT maryamhojati costeffectiveinspectionofrebarspacingandclearanceusingrgbdsensors
_version_	1718410387623247872

Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors

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