Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story

ABSTRACT A fascinating aspect of retroviruses is their tendency to nonrandomly incorporate host cell RNAs into virions. In addition to the specific tRNAs that prime reverse transcription, all examined retroviruses selectively package multiple host cell noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Many of these ncRNAs a...

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Autores principales:	Matthew J. Eckwahl, Alice Telesnitsky, Sandra L. Wolin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/178ebbd60db3474db43331c45e0d8686
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:178ebbd60db3474db43331c45e0d86862021-11-15T15:49:40ZHost RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story10.1128/mBio.02025-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/178ebbd60db3474db43331c45e0d86862016-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02025-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT A fascinating aspect of retroviruses is their tendency to nonrandomly incorporate host cell RNAs into virions. In addition to the specific tRNAs that prime reverse transcription, all examined retroviruses selectively package multiple host cell noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Many of these ncRNAs appear to be encapsidated shortly after synthesis, before assembling with their normal protein partners. Remarkably, although some packaged ncRNAs, such as pre-tRNAs and the spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), were believed to reside exclusively within mammalian nuclei, it was demonstrated recently that the model retrovirus murine leukemia virus (MLV) packages these ncRNAs from a novel pathway in which unneeded nascent ncRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm for degradation. The finding that retroviruses package forms of ncRNAs that are rare in cells suggests several hypotheses for how these RNAs could assist retrovirus assembly and infectivity. Moreover, recent experiments in several laboratories have identified additional ways in which cellular ncRNAs may contribute to the retrovirus life cycle. This review focuses on the ncRNAs that are packaged by retroviruses and the ways in which both encapsidated ncRNAs and other cellular ncRNAs may contribute to retrovirus replication.Matthew J. EckwahlAlice TelesnitskySandra L. WolinAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Matthew J. Eckwahl Alice Telesnitsky Sandra L. Wolin Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story
description	ABSTRACT A fascinating aspect of retroviruses is their tendency to nonrandomly incorporate host cell RNAs into virions. In addition to the specific tRNAs that prime reverse transcription, all examined retroviruses selectively package multiple host cell noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Many of these ncRNAs appear to be encapsidated shortly after synthesis, before assembling with their normal protein partners. Remarkably, although some packaged ncRNAs, such as pre-tRNAs and the spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), were believed to reside exclusively within mammalian nuclei, it was demonstrated recently that the model retrovirus murine leukemia virus (MLV) packages these ncRNAs from a novel pathway in which unneeded nascent ncRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm for degradation. The finding that retroviruses package forms of ncRNAs that are rare in cells suggests several hypotheses for how these RNAs could assist retrovirus assembly and infectivity. Moreover, recent experiments in several laboratories have identified additional ways in which cellular ncRNAs may contribute to the retrovirus life cycle. This review focuses on the ncRNAs that are packaged by retroviruses and the ways in which both encapsidated ncRNAs and other cellular ncRNAs may contribute to retrovirus replication.
format	article
author	Matthew J. Eckwahl Alice Telesnitsky Sandra L. Wolin
author_facet	Matthew J. Eckwahl Alice Telesnitsky Sandra L. Wolin
author_sort	Matthew J. Eckwahl
title	Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story
title_short	Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story
title_full	Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story
title_fullStr	Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story
title_full_unstemmed	Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story
title_sort	host rna packaging by retroviruses: a newly synthesized story
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/178ebbd60db3474db43331c45e0d8686
work_keys_str_mv	AT matthewjeckwahl hostrnapackagingbyretrovirusesanewlysynthesizedstory AT alicetelesnitsky hostrnapackagingbyretrovirusesanewlysynthesizedstory AT sandralwolin hostrnapackagingbyretrovirusesanewlysynthesizedstory
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Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story

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