Mapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact

Over the last decades, genetics has been the engine that has pushed us along on our voyage to understand the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although a large number of risk loci and causative mutations for PD have been identified, it is clear that much more needs to be done to solve the missin...

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Autores principales:	Inas Elsayed, Alejandro Martinez-Carrasco, Mario Cornejo-Olivas, Sara Bandres-Ciga
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Parkinson’s disease genetics diversity post-GWAS era genetic testing genetics counselling Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/17a2d2907abd42339b83fb5730e12ab9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:17a2d2907abd42339b83fb5730e12ab92021-11-25T17:40:43ZMapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact10.3390/genes121116812073-4425https://doaj.org/article/17a2d2907abd42339b83fb5730e12ab92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/11/1681https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4425Over the last decades, genetics has been the engine that has pushed us along on our voyage to understand the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although a large number of risk loci and causative mutations for PD have been identified, it is clear that much more needs to be done to solve the missing heritability mystery. Despite remarkable efforts, as a field, we have failed in terms of diversity and inclusivity. The vast majority of genetic studies in PD have focused on individuals of European ancestry, leading to a gap of knowledge on the existing genetic differences across populations and PD as a whole. As we move forward, shedding light on the genetic architecture contributing to PD in non-European populations is essential, and will provide novel insight into the generalized genetic map of the disease. In this review, we discuss how better representation of understudied ancestral groups in PD genetics research requires addressing and resolving all the challenges that hinder the inclusion of these populations. We further provide an overview of PD genetics in the clinics, covering the current challenges and limitations of genetic testing and counseling. Finally, we describe the impact of worldwide collaborative initiatives in the field, shaping the future of the new era of PD genetics as we advance in our understanding of the genetic architecture of PD.Inas ElsayedAlejandro Martinez-CarrascoMario Cornejo-OlivasSara Bandres-CigaMDPI AGarticleParkinson’s diseasegeneticsdiversitypost-GWAS eragenetic testinggenetics counsellingGeneticsQH426-470ENGenes, Vol 12, Iss 1681, p 1681 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Parkinson’s disease genetics diversity post-GWAS era genetic testing genetics counselling Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Parkinson’s disease genetics diversity post-GWAS era genetic testing genetics counselling Genetics QH426-470 Inas Elsayed Alejandro Martinez-Carrasco Mario Cornejo-Olivas Sara Bandres-Ciga Mapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact
description	Over the last decades, genetics has been the engine that has pushed us along on our voyage to understand the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although a large number of risk loci and causative mutations for PD have been identified, it is clear that much more needs to be done to solve the missing heritability mystery. Despite remarkable efforts, as a field, we have failed in terms of diversity and inclusivity. The vast majority of genetic studies in PD have focused on individuals of European ancestry, leading to a gap of knowledge on the existing genetic differences across populations and PD as a whole. As we move forward, shedding light on the genetic architecture contributing to PD in non-European populations is essential, and will provide novel insight into the generalized genetic map of the disease. In this review, we discuss how better representation of understudied ancestral groups in PD genetics research requires addressing and resolving all the challenges that hinder the inclusion of these populations. We further provide an overview of PD genetics in the clinics, covering the current challenges and limitations of genetic testing and counseling. Finally, we describe the impact of worldwide collaborative initiatives in the field, shaping the future of the new era of PD genetics as we advance in our understanding of the genetic architecture of PD.
format	article
author	Inas Elsayed Alejandro Martinez-Carrasco Mario Cornejo-Olivas Sara Bandres-Ciga
author_facet	Inas Elsayed Alejandro Martinez-Carrasco Mario Cornejo-Olivas Sara Bandres-Ciga
author_sort	Inas Elsayed
title	Mapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact
title_short	Mapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact
title_full	Mapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact
title_fullStr	Mapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact
title_full_unstemmed	Mapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact
title_sort	mapping the diverse and inclusive future of parkinson’s disease genetics and its widespread impact
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/17a2d2907abd42339b83fb5730e12ab9
work_keys_str_mv	AT inaselsayed mappingthediverseandinclusivefutureofparkinsonsdiseasegeneticsanditswidespreadimpact AT alejandromartinezcarrasco mappingthediverseandinclusivefutureofparkinsonsdiseasegeneticsanditswidespreadimpact AT mariocornejoolivas mappingthediverseandinclusivefutureofparkinsonsdiseasegeneticsanditswidespreadimpact AT sarabandresciga mappingthediverseandinclusivefutureofparkinsonsdiseasegeneticsanditswidespreadimpact
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Mapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact

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