Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series

ABSTRACT Viral shedding patterns and their correlations with immune responses are still poorly characterized in mild coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19). We monitored shedding of viral RNA and infectious virus and characterized the immune response kinetics of the first five patients quarantine...

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Autores principales:	Pauline Vetter, Christiane S. Eberhardt, Benjamin Meyer, Paola Andrea Martinez Murillo, Giulia Torriani, Fiona Pigny, Sylvain Lemeille, Samuel Cordey, Florian Laubscher, Diem-Lan Vu, Adrien Calame, Manuel Schibler, Frederique Jacquerioz, Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Laurent Kaiser, Arnaud M. Didierlaurent, Isabella Eckerle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	SARS-CoV-2 cytokines viral load immunity antibody response COVID-19 Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/17ab5ba50ae4420cb8be0b6bbc4d4da3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:17ab5ba50ae4420cb8be0b6bbc4d4da32021-11-15T15:31:13ZDaily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series10.1128/mSphere.00827-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/17ab5ba50ae4420cb8be0b6bbc4d4da32020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00827-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Viral shedding patterns and their correlations with immune responses are still poorly characterized in mild coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19). We monitored shedding of viral RNA and infectious virus and characterized the immune response kinetics of the first five patients quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. High viral loads and infectious virus shedding were observed from the respiratory tract despite mild symptoms, with isolation of infectious virus and prolonged positivity by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) until days 7 and 19 after symptom onset, respectively. Robust innate responses characterized by increases in activated CD14+ CD16+ monocytes and cytokine responses were observed as early as 2 days after symptom onset. Cellular and humoral severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2-specific adaptive responses were detectable in all patients. Infectious virus shedding was limited to the first week after symptom onset. A strong innate response, characterized by mobilization of activated monocytes during the first days of infection and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, was detectable even in patients with mild disease. IMPORTANCE This work is particularly important because it simultaneously assessed the virology, immunology, and clinical presentation of the same subjects, whereas other studies assess these separately. We describe the detailed viral and immune profiles of the first five patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. Viral loads peaked at the very beginning of the disease, and infectious virus was shed only during the early acute phase of disease. No infectious virus could be isolated by culture 7 days after onset of symptoms, while viral RNA was still detectable for a prolonged period. Importantly, we saw that all patients, even those with mild symptoms, mount an innate response sufficient for viral control (characterized by early activated cytokines and monocyte responses) and develop specific immunity as well as cellular and humoral SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive responses, which already begin to decline a few months after the resolution of symptoms.Pauline VetterChristiane S. EberhardtBenjamin MeyerPaola Andrea Martinez MurilloGiulia TorrianiFiona PignySylvain LemeilleSamuel CordeyFlorian LaubscherDiem-Lan VuAdrien CalameManuel SchiblerFrederique JacqueriozGéraldine Blanchard-RohnerClaire-Anne SiegristLaurent KaiserArnaud M. DidierlaurentIsabella EckerleAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleSARS-CoV-2cytokinesviral loadimmunityantibody responseCOVID-19MicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 6 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	SARS-CoV-2 cytokines viral load immunity antibody response COVID-19 Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	SARS-CoV-2 cytokines viral load immunity antibody response COVID-19 Microbiology QR1-502 Pauline Vetter Christiane S. Eberhardt Benjamin Meyer Paola Andrea Martinez Murillo Giulia Torriani Fiona Pigny Sylvain Lemeille Samuel Cordey Florian Laubscher Diem-Lan Vu Adrien Calame Manuel Schibler Frederique Jacquerioz Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner Claire-Anne Siegrist Laurent Kaiser Arnaud M. Didierlaurent Isabella Eckerle Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series
description	ABSTRACT Viral shedding patterns and their correlations with immune responses are still poorly characterized in mild coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19). We monitored shedding of viral RNA and infectious virus and characterized the immune response kinetics of the first five patients quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. High viral loads and infectious virus shedding were observed from the respiratory tract despite mild symptoms, with isolation of infectious virus and prolonged positivity by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) until days 7 and 19 after symptom onset, respectively. Robust innate responses characterized by increases in activated CD14+ CD16+ monocytes and cytokine responses were observed as early as 2 days after symptom onset. Cellular and humoral severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2-specific adaptive responses were detectable in all patients. Infectious virus shedding was limited to the first week after symptom onset. A strong innate response, characterized by mobilization of activated monocytes during the first days of infection and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, was detectable even in patients with mild disease. IMPORTANCE This work is particularly important because it simultaneously assessed the virology, immunology, and clinical presentation of the same subjects, whereas other studies assess these separately. We describe the detailed viral and immune profiles of the first five patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. Viral loads peaked at the very beginning of the disease, and infectious virus was shed only during the early acute phase of disease. No infectious virus could be isolated by culture 7 days after onset of symptoms, while viral RNA was still detectable for a prolonged period. Importantly, we saw that all patients, even those with mild symptoms, mount an innate response sufficient for viral control (characterized by early activated cytokines and monocyte responses) and develop specific immunity as well as cellular and humoral SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive responses, which already begin to decline a few months after the resolution of symptoms.
format	article
author	Pauline Vetter Christiane S. Eberhardt Benjamin Meyer Paola Andrea Martinez Murillo Giulia Torriani Fiona Pigny Sylvain Lemeille Samuel Cordey Florian Laubscher Diem-Lan Vu Adrien Calame Manuel Schibler Frederique Jacquerioz Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner Claire-Anne Siegrist Laurent Kaiser Arnaud M. Didierlaurent Isabella Eckerle
author_facet	Pauline Vetter Christiane S. Eberhardt Benjamin Meyer Paola Andrea Martinez Murillo Giulia Torriani Fiona Pigny Sylvain Lemeille Samuel Cordey Florian Laubscher Diem-Lan Vu Adrien Calame Manuel Schibler Frederique Jacquerioz Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner Claire-Anne Siegrist Laurent Kaiser Arnaud M. Didierlaurent Isabella Eckerle
author_sort	Pauline Vetter
title	Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series
title_short	Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series
title_full	Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series
title_fullStr	Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series
title_full_unstemmed	Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series
title_sort	daily viral kinetics and innate and adaptive immune response assessment in covid-19: a case series
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/17ab5ba50ae4420cb8be0b6bbc4d4da3
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Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series

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