Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill <italic toggle="yes">Bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">Clostridium</italic> Spores

ABSTRACT Glycerol monolaurate is a broadly antimicrobial fatty acid monoester, killing bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. The compound kills stationary-phase cultures of Bacillus anthracis, suggesting that the molecule may kill spores. In this study, we examined the ability of glycerol monolaur...

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Autores principales:	Patrick M. Schlievert, Samuel H. Kilgore, Gabriela M. Kaus, Theresa D. Ho, Craig D. Ellermeier
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Bacillus Clostridium endospores glycerol monolaurate Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/17ccaa1dd2fa4ec29db3125f520c9860
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:17ccaa1dd2fa4ec29db3125f520c98602021-11-15T15:22:21ZGlycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill <italic toggle="yes">Bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">Clostridium</italic> Spores10.1128/mSphereDirect.00597-182379-5042https://doaj.org/article/17ccaa1dd2fa4ec29db3125f520c98602018-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphereDirect.00597-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Glycerol monolaurate is a broadly antimicrobial fatty acid monoester, killing bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. The compound kills stationary-phase cultures of Bacillus anthracis, suggesting that the molecule may kill spores. In this study, we examined the ability of glycerol monolaurate alone or solubilized in a nonaqueous gel to kill vegetative cells and spores of aerobic B. anthracis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus and anaerobic Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile. Glycerol monolaurate alone was bactericidal for all five organisms tested. Glycerol monolaurate alone was effective in killing spores. When solubilized in a nonaqueous gel, the glycerol monolaurate gel was bactericidal for all spores tested. The data suggest that glycerol monolaurate nonaqueous gel could be effective in decontaminating environmental and body surfaces, such as skin. IMPORTANCE Bacillus and Clostridium spores are known to be highly resistant to killing, persisting on environmental and human body surfaces for long periods of time. In favorable environments, these spores may germinate and cause human diseases. It is thus important to identify agents that can be used on both environmental and human skin and mucosal surfaces and that are effective in killing spores. We previously showed that the fatty acid monoester glycerol monolaurate (GML) kills stationary-phase cultures of Bacillus anthracis. Since such cultures are likely to contain spores, it is possible that GML and a human-use-approved GML nonaqueous gel would kill Bacillus and Clostridium spores. The significance of our studies is that we have identified GML, and, to a greater extent, GML solubilized in a nonaqueous gel, as effective in killing spores from both bacterial genera.Patrick M. SchlievertSamuel H. KilgoreGabriela M. KausTheresa D. HoCraig D. EllermeierAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleBacillusClostridiumendosporesglycerol monolaurateMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 3, Iss 6 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bacillus Clostridium endospores glycerol monolaurate Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Bacillus Clostridium endospores glycerol monolaurate Microbiology QR1-502 Patrick M. Schlievert Samuel H. Kilgore Gabriela M. Kaus Theresa D. Ho Craig D. Ellermeier Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill <italic toggle="yes">Bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">Clostridium</italic> Spores
description	ABSTRACT Glycerol monolaurate is a broadly antimicrobial fatty acid monoester, killing bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. The compound kills stationary-phase cultures of Bacillus anthracis, suggesting that the molecule may kill spores. In this study, we examined the ability of glycerol monolaurate alone or solubilized in a nonaqueous gel to kill vegetative cells and spores of aerobic B. anthracis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus and anaerobic Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile. Glycerol monolaurate alone was bactericidal for all five organisms tested. Glycerol monolaurate alone was effective in killing spores. When solubilized in a nonaqueous gel, the glycerol monolaurate gel was bactericidal for all spores tested. The data suggest that glycerol monolaurate nonaqueous gel could be effective in decontaminating environmental and body surfaces, such as skin. IMPORTANCE Bacillus and Clostridium spores are known to be highly resistant to killing, persisting on environmental and human body surfaces for long periods of time. In favorable environments, these spores may germinate and cause human diseases. It is thus important to identify agents that can be used on both environmental and human skin and mucosal surfaces and that are effective in killing spores. We previously showed that the fatty acid monoester glycerol monolaurate (GML) kills stationary-phase cultures of Bacillus anthracis. Since such cultures are likely to contain spores, it is possible that GML and a human-use-approved GML nonaqueous gel would kill Bacillus and Clostridium spores. The significance of our studies is that we have identified GML, and, to a greater extent, GML solubilized in a nonaqueous gel, as effective in killing spores from both bacterial genera.
format	article
author	Patrick M. Schlievert Samuel H. Kilgore Gabriela M. Kaus Theresa D. Ho Craig D. Ellermeier
author_facet	Patrick M. Schlievert Samuel H. Kilgore Gabriela M. Kaus Theresa D. Ho Craig D. Ellermeier
author_sort	Patrick M. Schlievert
title	Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill <italic toggle="yes">Bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">Clostridium</italic> Spores
title_short	Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill <italic toggle="yes">Bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">Clostridium</italic> Spores
title_full	Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill <italic toggle="yes">Bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">Clostridium</italic> Spores
title_fullStr	Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill <italic toggle="yes">Bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">Clostridium</italic> Spores
title_full_unstemmed	Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill <italic toggle="yes">Bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">Clostridium</italic> Spores
title_sort	glycerol monolaurate (gml) and a nonaqueous five-percent gml gel kill <italic toggle="yes">bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">clostridium</italic> spores
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/17ccaa1dd2fa4ec29db3125f520c9860
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Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill <italic toggle="yes">Bacillus</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">Clostridium</italic> Spores

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