A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians

ABSTRACT Sardinia, Italy, has a high prevalence of residents who live more than 100 years. The reasons for longevity in this isolated region are currently unknown. Gut microbiota may hold a clue. To explore the role gut microbiota may play in healthy aging and longevity, we used metagenomic sequenci...

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Autores principales:	Lu Wu, Tiansheng Zeng, Angelo Zinellu, Salvatore Rubino, David J. Kelvin, Ciriaco Carru
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	centenarian gut microbiota longevity metagenomic sequencing Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/181b3649996140b2b1bcd3f20a2a59b6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:181b3649996140b2b1bcd3f20a2a59b62021-12-02T19:47:35ZA Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians10.1128/mSystems.00325-192379-5077https://doaj.org/article/181b3649996140b2b1bcd3f20a2a59b62019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00325-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Sardinia, Italy, has a high prevalence of residents who live more than 100 years. The reasons for longevity in this isolated region are currently unknown. Gut microbiota may hold a clue. To explore the role gut microbiota may play in healthy aging and longevity, we used metagenomic sequencing to determine the compositional and functional differences in gut microbiota associated with populations of different ages in Sardinia. Our data revealed that the gut microbiota of both young and elderly Sardinians shared similar taxonomic and functional profiles. A different pattern was found in centenarians. Within the centenarian group, the gut microbiota was correlated with the functional independence measurement of the host. Centenarians had a higher diversity of core microbiota species and microbial genes than those in the young and elderly. We found that the gut microbiota in Sardinian centenarians displayed a rearranged taxonomic pattern compared with those of the young and elderly, featured by depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale and enriched for Methanobrevibacter smithii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Moreover, functional analysis revealed that the microbiota in centenarians had high capacity for central metabolism, especially glycolysis and fermentation to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), although the gut microbiota in centenarians was low in genes encoding enzymes involved in degradation of carbohydrates, including fibers and galactose. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota has been proposed as a promising determinant for human health. Centenarians as a model for extreme aging may help us understand the correlation of gut microbiota with healthy aging and longevity. Here we confirmed that centenarians had microbiota elements usually associated with benefits to health. Our finding of a high capacity of glycolysis and related SCFA production represented a healthy microbiome and environment that is regarded as beneficial for host gut epithelium. The low abundance of genes encoding components of pathways involved in carbohydrate degradation was also found in the gut microbiota of Sardinian centenarians and is often associated with poor gut health. Overall, our study here represents an expansion of previous research investigating the age-related changes in gut microbiota. Furthermore, our study provides a new prospective for potential targets for gut microbiota intervention directed at limiting gut inflammation and pathology and enhancing a healthy gut barrier.Lu WuTiansheng ZengAngelo ZinelluSalvatore RubinoDavid J. KelvinCiriaco CarruAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlecentenariangut microbiotalongevitymetagenomic sequencingMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 4, Iss 4 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	centenarian gut microbiota longevity metagenomic sequencing Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	centenarian gut microbiota longevity metagenomic sequencing Microbiology QR1-502 Lu Wu Tiansheng Zeng Angelo Zinellu Salvatore Rubino David J. Kelvin Ciriaco Carru A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians
description	ABSTRACT Sardinia, Italy, has a high prevalence of residents who live more than 100 years. The reasons for longevity in this isolated region are currently unknown. Gut microbiota may hold a clue. To explore the role gut microbiota may play in healthy aging and longevity, we used metagenomic sequencing to determine the compositional and functional differences in gut microbiota associated with populations of different ages in Sardinia. Our data revealed that the gut microbiota of both young and elderly Sardinians shared similar taxonomic and functional profiles. A different pattern was found in centenarians. Within the centenarian group, the gut microbiota was correlated with the functional independence measurement of the host. Centenarians had a higher diversity of core microbiota species and microbial genes than those in the young and elderly. We found that the gut microbiota in Sardinian centenarians displayed a rearranged taxonomic pattern compared with those of the young and elderly, featured by depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale and enriched for Methanobrevibacter smithii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Moreover, functional analysis revealed that the microbiota in centenarians had high capacity for central metabolism, especially glycolysis and fermentation to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), although the gut microbiota in centenarians was low in genes encoding enzymes involved in degradation of carbohydrates, including fibers and galactose. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota has been proposed as a promising determinant for human health. Centenarians as a model for extreme aging may help us understand the correlation of gut microbiota with healthy aging and longevity. Here we confirmed that centenarians had microbiota elements usually associated with benefits to health. Our finding of a high capacity of glycolysis and related SCFA production represented a healthy microbiome and environment that is regarded as beneficial for host gut epithelium. The low abundance of genes encoding components of pathways involved in carbohydrate degradation was also found in the gut microbiota of Sardinian centenarians and is often associated with poor gut health. Overall, our study here represents an expansion of previous research investigating the age-related changes in gut microbiota. Furthermore, our study provides a new prospective for potential targets for gut microbiota intervention directed at limiting gut inflammation and pathology and enhancing a healthy gut barrier.
format	article
author	Lu Wu Tiansheng Zeng Angelo Zinellu Salvatore Rubino David J. Kelvin Ciriaco Carru
author_facet	Lu Wu Tiansheng Zeng Angelo Zinellu Salvatore Rubino David J. Kelvin Ciriaco Carru
author_sort	Lu Wu
title	A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians
title_short	A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians
title_full	A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians
title_fullStr	A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians
title_full_unstemmed	A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians
title_sort	cross-sectional study of compositional and functional profiles of gut microbiota in sardinian centenarians
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/181b3649996140b2b1bcd3f20a2a59b6
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A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians

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