Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Abstract Cigarette smoke is a complex chemical mixture, involving health-damaging components such as carbon monoxide, ammonia, pyridine, toluene and nicotine. While cognitive functions have been well documented in heavy smokers, spatial vision has been less characterized. In the article, we investig...

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Autores principales:	Thiago Monteiro de Paiva Fernandes, Natalia Leandro de Almeida, Natanael Antonio dos Santos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/184b3b292ec24d97b54670cd8ddc771e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:184b3b292ec24d97b54670cd8ddc771e2021-12-02T11:41:10ZEffects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers10.1038/s41598-017-01877-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/184b3b292ec24d97b54670cd8ddc771e2017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01877-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cigarette smoke is a complex chemical mixture, involving health-damaging components such as carbon monoxide, ammonia, pyridine, toluene and nicotine. While cognitive functions have been well documented in heavy smokers, spatial vision has been less characterized. In the article, we investigated smoking effects through contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a rigorous procedure that measures the spatial vision. Data were recorded from 48 participants, a group of non-smokers (n = 16), a group of chronic and heavy cigarette smokers (n = 16) and deprived smokers (n = 16); age range 20–45 years. Sinewave gratings with spatial frequencies ranging from 0.25 to 20 cycles per degree were used. All subjects were free from any neurological disorder, identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography exam. Contrary to expectations, performance on CSF differed between groups. Both smokers and deprived smokers presented a loss of contrast sensitivity compared to non-smokers. Post-hoc analyses suggest that deprived smokers were less sensitive at all spatial frequencies. These results suggest that not only chronic exposure to cigarette compounds but also withdrawal from nicotine affected spatial vision. This highlights the importance of understanding diffuse effects of smoking compounds on visual spatial processing.Thiago Monteiro de Paiva FernandesNatalia Leandro de AlmeidaNatanael Antonio dos SantosNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Thiago Monteiro de Paiva Fernandes Natalia Leandro de Almeida Natanael Antonio dos Santos Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers
description	Abstract Cigarette smoke is a complex chemical mixture, involving health-damaging components such as carbon monoxide, ammonia, pyridine, toluene and nicotine. While cognitive functions have been well documented in heavy smokers, spatial vision has been less characterized. In the article, we investigated smoking effects through contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a rigorous procedure that measures the spatial vision. Data were recorded from 48 participants, a group of non-smokers (n = 16), a group of chronic and heavy cigarette smokers (n = 16) and deprived smokers (n = 16); age range 20–45 years. Sinewave gratings with spatial frequencies ranging from 0.25 to 20 cycles per degree were used. All subjects were free from any neurological disorder, identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography exam. Contrary to expectations, performance on CSF differed between groups. Both smokers and deprived smokers presented a loss of contrast sensitivity compared to non-smokers. Post-hoc analyses suggest that deprived smokers were less sensitive at all spatial frequencies. These results suggest that not only chronic exposure to cigarette compounds but also withdrawal from nicotine affected spatial vision. This highlights the importance of understanding diffuse effects of smoking compounds on visual spatial processing.
format	article
author	Thiago Monteiro de Paiva Fernandes Natalia Leandro de Almeida Natanael Antonio dos Santos
author_facet	Thiago Monteiro de Paiva Fernandes Natalia Leandro de Almeida Natanael Antonio dos Santos
author_sort	Thiago Monteiro de Paiva Fernandes
title	Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers
title_short	Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers
title_full	Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers
title_fullStr	Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers
title_sort	effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/184b3b292ec24d97b54670cd8ddc771e
work_keys_str_mv	AT thiagomonteirodepaivafernandes effectsofsmokingandsmokingabstinenceonspatialvisioninchronicheavysmokers AT natalialeandrodealmeida effectsofsmokingandsmokingabstinenceonspatialvisioninchronicheavysmokers AT natanaelantoniodossantos effectsofsmokingandsmokingabstinenceonspatialvisioninchronicheavysmokers
_version_	1718395446414540800

Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

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