No effect of 'watching eyes': An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.

Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the 'watching eyes' effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn...

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Autores principales:	Amanda Rotella, Adam Maxwell Sparks, Sandeep Mishra, Pat Barclay
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1851b8a299af43df872134831bdd6b5d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1851b8a299af43df872134831bdd6b5d2021-12-02T20:17:20ZNo effect of 'watching eyes': An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255531https://doaj.org/article/1851b8a299af43df872134831bdd6b5d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255531https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the 'watching eyes' effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn a good reputation. However, several recent studies have failed to find evidence of the eyes effect. One possibility is that inconsistent evidence in support of the eyes effect is a product of individual differences in sensitivity or susceptibility to the cue. In fact, some evidence suggests that people who are generally more prosocial are less susceptible to situation-specific reputation-based cues of observation. In this paper, we sought to (1) replicate the eyes effect, (2) replicate the past finding that people who are dispositionally less prosocial are more responsive to observation than people who are more dispositionally more prosocial, and (3) determine if this effect extends to the watching eyes effect. Results from a pre-registered study showed that people did not give more money in a dictator game when decisions were made public or in the presence of eye images, even though participants felt more observed when decisions were public. That is, we failed to replicate the eyes effect and observation effect. An initial, but underpowered, interaction model suggests that egoists give less than prosocials in private, but not public, conditions. This suggests a direction for future research investigating if and how individual differences in prosociality influence observation effects.Amanda RotellaAdam Maxwell SparksSandeep MishraPat BarclayPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0255531 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Amanda Rotella Adam Maxwell Sparks Sandeep Mishra Pat Barclay No effect of 'watching eyes': An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.
description	Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the 'watching eyes' effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn a good reputation. However, several recent studies have failed to find evidence of the eyes effect. One possibility is that inconsistent evidence in support of the eyes effect is a product of individual differences in sensitivity or susceptibility to the cue. In fact, some evidence suggests that people who are generally more prosocial are less susceptible to situation-specific reputation-based cues of observation. In this paper, we sought to (1) replicate the eyes effect, (2) replicate the past finding that people who are dispositionally less prosocial are more responsive to observation than people who are more dispositionally more prosocial, and (3) determine if this effect extends to the watching eyes effect. Results from a pre-registered study showed that people did not give more money in a dictator game when decisions were made public or in the presence of eye images, even though participants felt more observed when decisions were public. That is, we failed to replicate the eyes effect and observation effect. An initial, but underpowered, interaction model suggests that egoists give less than prosocials in private, but not public, conditions. This suggests a direction for future research investigating if and how individual differences in prosociality influence observation effects.
format	article
author	Amanda Rotella Adam Maxwell Sparks Sandeep Mishra Pat Barclay
author_facet	Amanda Rotella Adam Maxwell Sparks Sandeep Mishra Pat Barclay
author_sort	Amanda Rotella
title	No effect of 'watching eyes': An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.
title_short	No effect of 'watching eyes': An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.
title_full	No effect of 'watching eyes': An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.
title_fullStr	No effect of 'watching eyes': An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.
title_full_unstemmed	No effect of 'watching eyes': An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.
title_sort	no effect of 'watching eyes': an attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1851b8a299af43df872134831bdd6b5d
work_keys_str_mv	AT amandarotella noeffectofwatchingeyesanattemptedreplicationandextensioninvestigatingindividualdifferences AT adammaxwellsparks noeffectofwatchingeyesanattemptedreplicationandextensioninvestigatingindividualdifferences AT sandeepmishra noeffectofwatchingeyesanattemptedreplicationandextensioninvestigatingindividualdifferences AT patbarclay noeffectofwatchingeyesanattemptedreplicationandextensioninvestigatingindividualdifferences
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No effect of 'watching eyes': An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences.

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