Loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia.

Effective parenteral vaccines are available to control rabies in dogs. While such vaccines are successfully used worldwide, the period between vaccine boosters required to guarantee protection of the population against rabies varies between vaccines and populations. In Flores Island, Indonesia, inte...

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Autores principales:	Ewaldus Wera, Charlotte Warembourg, Petrus M Bulu, Maria M Siko, Salome Dürr
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/185e5768598f4b8eb279c40633bc4042
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:185e5768598f4b8eb279c40633bc40422021-12-02T20:24:10ZLoss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009688https://doaj.org/article/185e5768598f4b8eb279c40633bc40422021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009688https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Effective parenteral vaccines are available to control rabies in dogs. While such vaccines are successfully used worldwide, the period between vaccine boosters required to guarantee protection of the population against rabies varies between vaccines and populations. In Flores Island, Indonesia, internationally and locally produced rabies vaccines are used during annual vaccination campaigns of predominantly free-roaming owned domestic dogs. The study objective was to identify the duration of the presence and factors associated with the loss of adequate level of binding antibodies (≥0.5 EU/ml) following rabies vaccination in a domestic dog population on Flores Island. A total of 171 dogs that developed an antibody titre higher or equal to 0.5 EU/ml 30 days after vaccination (D30), were repeatedly sampled at day 90, 180, 270, and 360 after vaccination. On the day of vaccination (D0), an interview was performed with dog owners to collect information on dog characteristics (age, sex, body condition score (BCS)), history of rabies vaccination, kind of daily food, frequency of feeding, and origin of the dog. Serum samples were collected and the level of antibodies was quantitatively assessed using ELISA tests. Dogs were categorized as having an adequate level of binding antibodies (≥0.5 EU/ml) or inadequate level of binding antibodies (<0.5 EU/ml) at each time points examined. A total of 115, 72, 23, and 31 dogs were sampled at D90, D180, D270, and D360, respectively, with the highest proportion of antibodies ≥ 0.5 EU/ml (58%, 95% CI, 49-67%) at D90, which reduced gradually until D360 (35%, 95% CI, 19-52%). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that loss of adequate level of binding antibodies is significantly associated with dogs having no history of vaccination or vaccination applied more than 12 months before D0, being less than 12 months of age, and having a poor BCS. These results highlight the importance of BCS regarding the immune response duration and provide insights into frequency of vaccination campaigns required for the internationally available vaccine used on Flores Island. For dogs without vaccination history or vaccination being applied more than 12 months before D0, a booster is recommended within 3 months (a largest drop of antibodies was detected within the first 90 days) after the first vaccination to guarantee measurable protection of the population that lasts at least for one year.Ewaldus WeraCharlotte WarembourgPetrus M BuluMaria M SikoSalome DürrPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 9, p e0009688 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Ewaldus Wera Charlotte Warembourg Petrus M Bulu Maria M Siko Salome Dürr Loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia.
description	Effective parenteral vaccines are available to control rabies in dogs. While such vaccines are successfully used worldwide, the period between vaccine boosters required to guarantee protection of the population against rabies varies between vaccines and populations. In Flores Island, Indonesia, internationally and locally produced rabies vaccines are used during annual vaccination campaigns of predominantly free-roaming owned domestic dogs. The study objective was to identify the duration of the presence and factors associated with the loss of adequate level of binding antibodies (≥0.5 EU/ml) following rabies vaccination in a domestic dog population on Flores Island. A total of 171 dogs that developed an antibody titre higher or equal to 0.5 EU/ml 30 days after vaccination (D30), were repeatedly sampled at day 90, 180, 270, and 360 after vaccination. On the day of vaccination (D0), an interview was performed with dog owners to collect information on dog characteristics (age, sex, body condition score (BCS)), history of rabies vaccination, kind of daily food, frequency of feeding, and origin of the dog. Serum samples were collected and the level of antibodies was quantitatively assessed using ELISA tests. Dogs were categorized as having an adequate level of binding antibodies (≥0.5 EU/ml) or inadequate level of binding antibodies (<0.5 EU/ml) at each time points examined. A total of 115, 72, 23, and 31 dogs were sampled at D90, D180, D270, and D360, respectively, with the highest proportion of antibodies ≥ 0.5 EU/ml (58%, 95% CI, 49-67%) at D90, which reduced gradually until D360 (35%, 95% CI, 19-52%). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that loss of adequate level of binding antibodies is significantly associated with dogs having no history of vaccination or vaccination applied more than 12 months before D0, being less than 12 months of age, and having a poor BCS. These results highlight the importance of BCS regarding the immune response duration and provide insights into frequency of vaccination campaigns required for the internationally available vaccine used on Flores Island. For dogs without vaccination history or vaccination being applied more than 12 months before D0, a booster is recommended within 3 months (a largest drop of antibodies was detected within the first 90 days) after the first vaccination to guarantee measurable protection of the population that lasts at least for one year.
format	article
author	Ewaldus Wera Charlotte Warembourg Petrus M Bulu Maria M Siko Salome Dürr
author_facet	Ewaldus Wera Charlotte Warembourg Petrus M Bulu Maria M Siko Salome Dürr
author_sort	Ewaldus Wera
title	Loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia.
title_short	Loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia.
title_full	Loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia.
title_fullStr	Loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia.
title_full_unstemmed	Loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia.
title_sort	loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in flores island, indonesia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/185e5768598f4b8eb279c40633bc4042
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_version_	1718374035806486528

Loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia.

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