Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The prevalence of mycotoxins is often increased by the climatic conditions prevailing in tropical regions. Reports have revealed the contamination of mycotoxins in some types of vegetable oil. However, vegetable oil is one of the essential ingredients used in food preparation. Thus, this study deter...

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Autores principales:	Thammaporn Junsai, Saranya Poapolathep, Samak Sutjarit, Mario Giorgi, Zhaowei Zhang, Antonio Francesco Logrieco, Peiwu Li, Amnart Poapolathep
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	mycotoxins vegetable oils QuEChERS liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/189472a1d9cd43628bbc9fadde8570c8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:189472a1d9cd43628bbc9fadde8570c82021-11-25T17:35:42ZDetermination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry10.3390/foods101127952304-8158https://doaj.org/article/189472a1d9cd43628bbc9fadde8570c82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2795https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158The prevalence of mycotoxins is often increased by the climatic conditions prevailing in tropical regions. Reports have revealed the contamination of mycotoxins in some types of vegetable oil. However, vegetable oil is one of the essential ingredients used in food preparation. Thus, this study determined the occurrence of multi-mycotoxins in six types of vegetable oils commercially available in Thailand to assess the consumer health risk. In total, 300 vegetable oil samples (olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and rice bran oil) collected from various markets in Thailand were analyzed for the presence of nine mycotoxins, namely, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), beauvericin (BEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and fumonisin B2 (FB2) using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based procedure and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. The incidences of mycotoxin contamination varied among the different types of oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 were most frequently found in contaminated samples. AFB2, BEA, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated olive oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG2, and OTA contaminated palm oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, and ZEA were found in soybean oils, whereas ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated corn oil samples. AFB1 and AFG1 contaminated sunflower oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and OTA were detected in rice bran oil samples. However, the contamination levels of the analyzed mycotoxins were below the regulatory limits.Thammaporn JunsaiSaranya PoapolathepSamak SutjaritMario GiorgiZhaowei ZhangAntonio Francesco LogriecoPeiwu LiAmnart PoapolathepMDPI AGarticlemycotoxinsvegetable oilsQuEChERSliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFoods, Vol 10, Iss 2795, p 2795 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mycotoxins vegetable oils QuEChERS liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	mycotoxins vegetable oils QuEChERS liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Chemical technology TP1-1185 Thammaporn Junsai Saranya Poapolathep Samak Sutjarit Mario Giorgi Zhaowei Zhang Antonio Francesco Logrieco Peiwu Li Amnart Poapolathep Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
description	The prevalence of mycotoxins is often increased by the climatic conditions prevailing in tropical regions. Reports have revealed the contamination of mycotoxins in some types of vegetable oil. However, vegetable oil is one of the essential ingredients used in food preparation. Thus, this study determined the occurrence of multi-mycotoxins in six types of vegetable oils commercially available in Thailand to assess the consumer health risk. In total, 300 vegetable oil samples (olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and rice bran oil) collected from various markets in Thailand were analyzed for the presence of nine mycotoxins, namely, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), beauvericin (BEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and fumonisin B2 (FB2) using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based procedure and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. The incidences of mycotoxin contamination varied among the different types of oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 were most frequently found in contaminated samples. AFB2, BEA, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated olive oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG2, and OTA contaminated palm oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, and ZEA were found in soybean oils, whereas ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated corn oil samples. AFB1 and AFG1 contaminated sunflower oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and OTA were detected in rice bran oil samples. However, the contamination levels of the analyzed mycotoxins were below the regulatory limits.
format	article
author	Thammaporn Junsai Saranya Poapolathep Samak Sutjarit Mario Giorgi Zhaowei Zhang Antonio Francesco Logrieco Peiwu Li Amnart Poapolathep
author_facet	Thammaporn Junsai Saranya Poapolathep Samak Sutjarit Mario Giorgi Zhaowei Zhang Antonio Francesco Logrieco Peiwu Li Amnart Poapolathep
author_sort	Thammaporn Junsai
title	Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_short	Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_full	Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_fullStr	Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_full_unstemmed	Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_sort	determination of multiple mycotoxins and their natural occurrence in edible vegetable oils using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/189472a1d9cd43628bbc9fadde8570c8
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Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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