Ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii.

Once regarded as an AIDS-defining illness, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is nowadays prevailing in immunocompromised HIV-negative individuals such as patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies or affected by primary immunodeficiency. Moreover, Pneumocystis clinical spectrum is broadening to non-s...

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Autores principales:	Anna Martinez, El Moukhtar Aliouat, Annie Standaert-Vitse, Elisabeth Werkmeister, Muriel Pottier, Claire Pinçon, Eduardo Dei-Cas, Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/18a2d157691d443fb7a3858e82f6b869
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:18a2d157691d443fb7a3858e82f6b8692021-11-18T06:52:09ZPloidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0020935https://doaj.org/article/18a2d157691d443fb7a3858e82f6b8692011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21695077/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Once regarded as an AIDS-defining illness, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is nowadays prevailing in immunocompromised HIV-negative individuals such as patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies or affected by primary immunodeficiency. Moreover, Pneumocystis clinical spectrum is broadening to non-severely-immunocompromised subjects who could be colonized by the fungus while remaining asymptomatic for PcP, thus being able to transmit the infection by airborne route to susceptible hosts. Although the taxonomical position of the Pneumocystis genus has been clarified, several aspects of its life cycle remain elusive such as its mode of proliferation within the alveolus or its ploidy level. As no long-term culture model exists to grow Pneumocystis organisms in vitro, an option was to use a model of immunosuppressed rat infected with Pneumocystis carinii and sort life cycle stage fractions using a high-through-put cytometer. Subsequently, ploidy levels of the P. carinii trophic and cystic form fractions were measured by flow cytometry. In the cystic form, eight contents of DNA were measured thus strengthening the fact that each mature cyst contains eight haploid spores. Following release, each spore evolves into a trophic form. The majority of the trophic form fraction was haploid in our study. Some less abundant trophic forms displayed two contents of DNA indicating that they could undergo (i) mating/fusion leading to a diploid status or (ii) asexual mitotic division or (iii) both. Even less abundant trophic forms with four contents of DNA were suggestive of mitotic divisions occurring following mating in diploid trophic forms. Of interest, was the presence of trophic forms with three contents of DNA, an unusual finding that could be related to asymmetrical mitotic divisions occurring in other fungal species to create genetic diversity at lower energetic expenses than mating. Overall, ploidy data of P. carinii life cycle stages shed new light on the complexity of its modes of proliferation.Anna MartinezEl Moukhtar AliouatEl Moukhtar AliouatAnnie Standaert-VitseElisabeth WerkmeisterMuriel PottierClaire PinçonEduardo Dei-CasCécile-Marie Aliouat-DenisPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 6, p e20935 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Anna Martinez El Moukhtar Aliouat El Moukhtar Aliouat Annie Standaert-Vitse Elisabeth Werkmeister Muriel Pottier Claire Pinçon Eduardo Dei-Cas Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis Ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii.
description	Once regarded as an AIDS-defining illness, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is nowadays prevailing in immunocompromised HIV-negative individuals such as patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies or affected by primary immunodeficiency. Moreover, Pneumocystis clinical spectrum is broadening to non-severely-immunocompromised subjects who could be colonized by the fungus while remaining asymptomatic for PcP, thus being able to transmit the infection by airborne route to susceptible hosts. Although the taxonomical position of the Pneumocystis genus has been clarified, several aspects of its life cycle remain elusive such as its mode of proliferation within the alveolus or its ploidy level. As no long-term culture model exists to grow Pneumocystis organisms in vitro, an option was to use a model of immunosuppressed rat infected with Pneumocystis carinii and sort life cycle stage fractions using a high-through-put cytometer. Subsequently, ploidy levels of the P. carinii trophic and cystic form fractions were measured by flow cytometry. In the cystic form, eight contents of DNA were measured thus strengthening the fact that each mature cyst contains eight haploid spores. Following release, each spore evolves into a trophic form. The majority of the trophic form fraction was haploid in our study. Some less abundant trophic forms displayed two contents of DNA indicating that they could undergo (i) mating/fusion leading to a diploid status or (ii) asexual mitotic division or (iii) both. Even less abundant trophic forms with four contents of DNA were suggestive of mitotic divisions occurring following mating in diploid trophic forms. Of interest, was the presence of trophic forms with three contents of DNA, an unusual finding that could be related to asymmetrical mitotic divisions occurring in other fungal species to create genetic diversity at lower energetic expenses than mating. Overall, ploidy data of P. carinii life cycle stages shed new light on the complexity of its modes of proliferation.
format	article
author	Anna Martinez El Moukhtar Aliouat El Moukhtar Aliouat Annie Standaert-Vitse Elisabeth Werkmeister Muriel Pottier Claire Pinçon Eduardo Dei-Cas Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis
author_facet	Anna Martinez El Moukhtar Aliouat El Moukhtar Aliouat Annie Standaert-Vitse Elisabeth Werkmeister Muriel Pottier Claire Pinçon Eduardo Dei-Cas Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis
author_sort	Anna Martinez
title	Ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii.
title_short	Ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii.
title_full	Ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii.
title_fullStr	Ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii.
title_full_unstemmed	Ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii.
title_sort	ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of pneumocystis carinii.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/18a2d157691d443fb7a3858e82f6b869
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Ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii.

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