Capture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.

In vertebrates and arthropods, blood clotting involves the establishment of a plug of aggregated thrombocytes (the cellular clot) and an extracellular fibrillar clot formed by the polymerization of the structural protein of the clot, which is fibrin in mammals, plasma lipoprotein in crustaceans, and...

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Autores principales:	Margaret T Armstrong, Frederick R Rickles, Peter B Armstrong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/18af0787c13f45d993c2fb64a08fd793
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:18af0787c13f45d993c2fb64a08fd7932021-11-18T08:44:55ZCapture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0080192https://doaj.org/article/18af0787c13f45d993c2fb64a08fd7932013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24282521/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In vertebrates and arthropods, blood clotting involves the establishment of a plug of aggregated thrombocytes (the cellular clot) and an extracellular fibrillar clot formed by the polymerization of the structural protein of the clot, which is fibrin in mammals, plasma lipoprotein in crustaceans, and coagulin in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. Both elements of the clot function to staunch bleeding. Additionally, the extracellular clot functions as an agent of the innate immune system by providing a passive anti-microbial barrier and microbial entrapment device, which functions directly at the site of wounds to the integument. Here we show that, in addition to these passive functions in immunity, the plasma lipoprotein clot of lobster, the coagulin clot of Limulus, and both the platelet thrombus and the fibrin clot of mammals (human, mouse) operate to capture lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin). The lipid A core of LPS is the principal agent of gram-negative septicemia, which is responsible for more than 100,000 human deaths annually in the United States and is similarly toxic to arthropods. Quantification using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test shows that clots capture significant quantities of LPS and fluorescent-labeled LPS can be seen by microscopy to decorate the clot fibrils. Thrombi generated in the living mouse accumulate LPS in vivo. It is suggested that capture of LPS released from gram-negative bacteria entrapped by the blood clot operates to protect against the disease that might be caused by its systemic dispersal.Margaret T ArmstrongFrederick R RicklesPeter B ArmstrongPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e80192 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Margaret T Armstrong Frederick R Rickles Peter B Armstrong Capture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.
description	In vertebrates and arthropods, blood clotting involves the establishment of a plug of aggregated thrombocytes (the cellular clot) and an extracellular fibrillar clot formed by the polymerization of the structural protein of the clot, which is fibrin in mammals, plasma lipoprotein in crustaceans, and coagulin in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. Both elements of the clot function to staunch bleeding. Additionally, the extracellular clot functions as an agent of the innate immune system by providing a passive anti-microbial barrier and microbial entrapment device, which functions directly at the site of wounds to the integument. Here we show that, in addition to these passive functions in immunity, the plasma lipoprotein clot of lobster, the coagulin clot of Limulus, and both the platelet thrombus and the fibrin clot of mammals (human, mouse) operate to capture lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin). The lipid A core of LPS is the principal agent of gram-negative septicemia, which is responsible for more than 100,000 human deaths annually in the United States and is similarly toxic to arthropods. Quantification using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test shows that clots capture significant quantities of LPS and fluorescent-labeled LPS can be seen by microscopy to decorate the clot fibrils. Thrombi generated in the living mouse accumulate LPS in vivo. It is suggested that capture of LPS released from gram-negative bacteria entrapped by the blood clot operates to protect against the disease that might be caused by its systemic dispersal.
format	article
author	Margaret T Armstrong Frederick R Rickles Peter B Armstrong
author_facet	Margaret T Armstrong Frederick R Rickles Peter B Armstrong
author_sort	Margaret T Armstrong
title	Capture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.
title_short	Capture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.
title_full	Capture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.
title_fullStr	Capture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.
title_full_unstemmed	Capture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.
title_sort	capture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/18af0787c13f45d993c2fb64a08fd793
work_keys_str_mv	AT margarettarmstrong captureoflipopolysaccharideendotoxinbythebloodclotacomparativestudy AT frederickrrickles captureoflipopolysaccharideendotoxinbythebloodclotacomparativestudy AT peterbarmstrong captureoflipopolysaccharideendotoxinbythebloodclotacomparativestudy
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Capture of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) by the blood clot: a comparative study.

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