Prevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis

Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain a global public health burden, yet annual estimates of prevalence vary. Estimates have ranged between 9.9 and 24.2 million cases annually. Similar differences in estimates are seen within countries but point to a serious health challenge. In Ghana, fo...

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Autores principales:	Adam Fusheini, Sarfo Kofi Gyawu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2020
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/18c0089ff541445e9de00a7a47616461
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:18c0089ff541445e9de00a7a476164612021-12-02T12:51:02ZPrevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis2214-999610.5334/aogh.2833https://doaj.org/article/18c0089ff541445e9de00a7a476164612020-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/2833https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain a global public health burden, yet annual estimates of prevalence vary. Estimates have ranged between 9.9 and 24.2 million cases annually. Similar differences in estimates are seen within countries but point to a serious health challenge. In Ghana, for instance, typhoid fever has been ranked among the top twenty causes of outpatient morbidity and constituted 1.2%, 1.7% and 1.3% of hospital admissions in 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of 'Salmonella Typhi' and 'Salmonella Paratyphi' in the Hohoe Municipality. Methods: Data on all reported cases of typhoid fever in the Hohoe municipality as entered into the District Health Information Management System 2 (DHIMS 2) database between January 2012 and December 2016 were extracted. A time-trend analysis was conducted to establish the relationship between typhoid fever prevalence and factors such as age, gender, and season. Stata was used to analyse data and to measure rates, associations, and their significance. Findings: The results showed that a total of 6282 individuals suffered from typhoid fever during the five-year period. Of these numbers, 2080 (33.1%) were males, and 4202 (66.9%) were females, representing a P-value 0.0222, and 95% CI. The 25–29 age group were the most affected. High prevalence was observed during the wet months, although cases occurred throughout the year. Trend analysis showed growing cases of typhoid over the period. Prevalence for the various years were found as follows: 2012 – 148 per 100,000, 2013 – 135 per 100,000, 2014 – 396 per 100,000 and in 2015 – 943 per 100,000. Conclusions: Typhoid fever remains and continues to be a major public health challenge in the municipality. This calls for health authorities and service providers to educate the public about the disease if the challenge is to be addressed.Adam FusheiniSarfo Kofi GyawuUbiquity PressarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 86, Iss 1 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Adam Fusheini Sarfo Kofi Gyawu Prevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis
description	Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain a global public health burden, yet annual estimates of prevalence vary. Estimates have ranged between 9.9 and 24.2 million cases annually. Similar differences in estimates are seen within countries but point to a serious health challenge. In Ghana, for instance, typhoid fever has been ranked among the top twenty causes of outpatient morbidity and constituted 1.2%, 1.7% and 1.3% of hospital admissions in 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of 'Salmonella Typhi' and 'Salmonella Paratyphi' in the Hohoe Municipality. Methods: Data on all reported cases of typhoid fever in the Hohoe municipality as entered into the District Health Information Management System 2 (DHIMS 2) database between January 2012 and December 2016 were extracted. A time-trend analysis was conducted to establish the relationship between typhoid fever prevalence and factors such as age, gender, and season. Stata was used to analyse data and to measure rates, associations, and their significance. Findings: The results showed that a total of 6282 individuals suffered from typhoid fever during the five-year period. Of these numbers, 2080 (33.1%) were males, and 4202 (66.9%) were females, representing a P-value 0.0222, and 95% CI. The 25–29 age group were the most affected. High prevalence was observed during the wet months, although cases occurred throughout the year. Trend analysis showed growing cases of typhoid over the period. Prevalence for the various years were found as follows: 2012 – 148 per 100,000, 2013 – 135 per 100,000, 2014 – 396 per 100,000 and in 2015 – 943 per 100,000. Conclusions: Typhoid fever remains and continues to be a major public health challenge in the municipality. This calls for health authorities and service providers to educate the public about the disease if the challenge is to be addressed.
format	article
author	Adam Fusheini Sarfo Kofi Gyawu
author_facet	Adam Fusheini Sarfo Kofi Gyawu
author_sort	Adam Fusheini
title	Prevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis
title_short	Prevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis
title_full	Prevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis
title_fullStr	Prevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis
title_sort	prevalence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in the hohoe municipality of the volta region, ghana: a five-year retrospective trend analysis
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/18c0089ff541445e9de00a7a47616461
work_keys_str_mv	AT adamfusheini prevalenceoftyphoidandparatyphoidfeverinthehohoemunicipalityofthevoltaregionghanaafiveyearretrospectivetrendanalysis AT sarfokofigyawu prevalenceoftyphoidandparatyphoidfeverinthehohoemunicipalityofthevoltaregionghanaafiveyearretrospectivetrendanalysis
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Prevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis

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