Saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection

Abstract We aimed to test the sensitivity of naso-oropharyngeal saliva and self-administered nasal (SN) swab compared to nasopharyngeal (NP) swab for COVID-19 testing in a large cohort of migrant workers in Singapore. We also tested the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for diagnosis of CO...

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Auteurs principaux:	Alvin Kuo Jing Teo, Yukti Choudhury, Iain Beehuat Tan, Chae Yin Cher, Shi Hao Chew, Zi Yi Wan, Lionel Tim Ee Cheng, Lynette Lin Ean Oon, Min Han Tan, Kian Sing Chan, Li Yang Hsu
Format:	article
Langue:	EN
Publié:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Sujets:	Medicine R Science Q
Accès en ligne:	https://doaj.org/article/18cd25da9da24dfbbb962dbe29d48c54
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:18cd25da9da24dfbbb962dbe29d48c542021-12-02T14:06:12ZSaliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection10.1038/s41598-021-82787-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/18cd25da9da24dfbbb962dbe29d48c542021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82787-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract We aimed to test the sensitivity of naso-oropharyngeal saliva and self-administered nasal (SN) swab compared to nasopharyngeal (NP) swab for COVID-19 testing in a large cohort of migrant workers in Singapore. We also tested the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for diagnosis of COVID-19. Saliva, NP and SN swabs were collected from subjects who presented with acute respiratory infection, their asymptomatic roommates, and prior confirmed cases who were undergoing isolation at a community care facility in June 2020. All samples were tested using RT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2 amplicon-based NGS with phylogenetic analysis was done for 30 samples. We recruited 200 subjects, of which 91 and 46 were tested twice and thrice respectively. In total, 62.0%, 44.5%, and 37.7% of saliva, NP and SN samples were positive. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were lower during the earlier period of infection across all sample types. The percentage of test-positive saliva was higher than NP and SN swabs. We found a strong correlation between viral genome coverage by NGS and Ct values for SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic analyses revealed Clade O and lineage B.6 known to be circulating in Singapore. We found saliva to be a sensitive and viable sample for COVID-19 diagnosis.Alvin Kuo Jing TeoYukti ChoudhuryIain Beehuat TanChae Yin CherShi Hao ChewZi Yi WanLionel Tim Ee ChengLynette Lin Ean OonMin Han TanKian Sing ChanLi Yang HsuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alvin Kuo Jing Teo Yukti Choudhury Iain Beehuat Tan Chae Yin Cher Shi Hao Chew Zi Yi Wan Lionel Tim Ee Cheng Lynette Lin Ean Oon Min Han Tan Kian Sing Chan Li Yang Hsu Saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection
description	Abstract We aimed to test the sensitivity of naso-oropharyngeal saliva and self-administered nasal (SN) swab compared to nasopharyngeal (NP) swab for COVID-19 testing in a large cohort of migrant workers in Singapore. We also tested the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for diagnosis of COVID-19. Saliva, NP and SN swabs were collected from subjects who presented with acute respiratory infection, their asymptomatic roommates, and prior confirmed cases who were undergoing isolation at a community care facility in June 2020. All samples were tested using RT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2 amplicon-based NGS with phylogenetic analysis was done for 30 samples. We recruited 200 subjects, of which 91 and 46 were tested twice and thrice respectively. In total, 62.0%, 44.5%, and 37.7% of saliva, NP and SN samples were positive. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were lower during the earlier period of infection across all sample types. The percentage of test-positive saliva was higher than NP and SN swabs. We found a strong correlation between viral genome coverage by NGS and Ct values for SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic analyses revealed Clade O and lineage B.6 known to be circulating in Singapore. We found saliva to be a sensitive and viable sample for COVID-19 diagnosis.
format	article
author	Alvin Kuo Jing Teo Yukti Choudhury Iain Beehuat Tan Chae Yin Cher Shi Hao Chew Zi Yi Wan Lionel Tim Ee Cheng Lynette Lin Ean Oon Min Han Tan Kian Sing Chan Li Yang Hsu
author_facet	Alvin Kuo Jing Teo Yukti Choudhury Iain Beehuat Tan Chae Yin Cher Shi Hao Chew Zi Yi Wan Lionel Tim Ee Cheng Lynette Lin Ean Oon Min Han Tan Kian Sing Chan Li Yang Hsu
author_sort	Alvin Kuo Jing Teo
title	Saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection
title_short	Saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection
title_full	Saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection
title_fullStr	Saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection
title_full_unstemmed	Saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection
title_sort	saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild covid-19 infection
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/18cd25da9da24dfbbb962dbe29d48c54
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Saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection

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