Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites

Bottle gourd seeds are surrounded by innumerable bioactive components of phytochemicals. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bottle gourd extracts as antimicrobial and an-ti-mycotoxigenic against toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Polar and nonpolar extracts were made from the seeds. The p...

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Autores principales:	Adel G. Abdel-Razek, Ahmed N. Badr, Salman S. Alharthi, Khaled A. Selim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antifungal activity bioactive components bottle gourd seeds extract extract toxicity and antitoxic mycotoxin toxigenic fungi Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/18d607e0721e496eaf05af258f1c1320
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:18d607e0721e496eaf05af258f1c13202021-11-25T19:08:51ZEfficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites10.3390/toxins131107892072-6651https://doaj.org/article/18d607e0721e496eaf05af258f1c13202021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/11/789https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651Bottle gourd seeds are surrounded by innumerable bioactive components of phytochemicals. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bottle gourd extracts as antimicrobial and an-ti-mycotoxigenic against toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Polar and nonpolar extracts were made from the seeds. The polar eco-friendly extract was prepared by an ultrasonication-assisted technique utilizing aqueous isopropanol (80%), whereas the non-polar extract was obtained using petroleum ether (40–60). The antioxidant efficacy, total phenolic content, and flavonoid content of the extracts were all measured. The fatty acid profile was measured using GC equipment, and the influence on toxigenic fungus and mycotoxin release was also investigated. The antioxidant efficacy of the polar extract is reflected. The total phenolic values of the oil and polar extract were 15.5 and 267 mg of GAE/g, respectively. The total flavonoid content of the oil was 2.95 mg catechol/g, whereas the isopropyl extract of seeds contained 14.86 mg catechol/g. The polar extract inhibited the DPPH more effectively than oil. When compared to other seed oils, the fatty acid composition differed. The pathogens were distinguished by the MIC and MFC for the polar extract. Three sterols were found in the oil, with a high concentration of B-sitosterols. The oil’s valuable -carotene content and tocopherol content were recorded. When compared to traditional antibiotics, the polar extract has shown promising antimicrobial activity against infections and toxigenic fungi. Bottle gourd extracts, as a non-traditional bioactive source, are viewed as a potentially promising alternative that might contribute to increased food safety, shelf-life, and security.Adel G. Abdel-RazekAhmed N. BadrSalman S. AlharthiKhaled A. SelimMDPI AGarticleantifungal activitybioactive componentsbottle gourd seeds extractextract toxicity and antitoxicmycotoxintoxigenic fungiMedicineRENToxins, Vol 13, Iss 789, p 789 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antifungal activity bioactive components bottle gourd seeds extract extract toxicity and antitoxic mycotoxin toxigenic fungi Medicine R
spellingShingle	antifungal activity bioactive components bottle gourd seeds extract extract toxicity and antitoxic mycotoxin toxigenic fungi Medicine R Adel G. Abdel-Razek Ahmed N. Badr Salman S. Alharthi Khaled A. Selim Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites
description	Bottle gourd seeds are surrounded by innumerable bioactive components of phytochemicals. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bottle gourd extracts as antimicrobial and an-ti-mycotoxigenic against toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Polar and nonpolar extracts were made from the seeds. The polar eco-friendly extract was prepared by an ultrasonication-assisted technique utilizing aqueous isopropanol (80%), whereas the non-polar extract was obtained using petroleum ether (40–60). The antioxidant efficacy, total phenolic content, and flavonoid content of the extracts were all measured. The fatty acid profile was measured using GC equipment, and the influence on toxigenic fungus and mycotoxin release was also investigated. The antioxidant efficacy of the polar extract is reflected. The total phenolic values of the oil and polar extract were 15.5 and 267 mg of GAE/g, respectively. The total flavonoid content of the oil was 2.95 mg catechol/g, whereas the isopropyl extract of seeds contained 14.86 mg catechol/g. The polar extract inhibited the DPPH more effectively than oil. When compared to other seed oils, the fatty acid composition differed. The pathogens were distinguished by the MIC and MFC for the polar extract. Three sterols were found in the oil, with a high concentration of B-sitosterols. The oil’s valuable -carotene content and tocopherol content were recorded. When compared to traditional antibiotics, the polar extract has shown promising antimicrobial activity against infections and toxigenic fungi. Bottle gourd extracts, as a non-traditional bioactive source, are viewed as a potentially promising alternative that might contribute to increased food safety, shelf-life, and security.
format	article
author	Adel G. Abdel-Razek Ahmed N. Badr Salman S. Alharthi Khaled A. Selim
author_facet	Adel G. Abdel-Razek Ahmed N. Badr Salman S. Alharthi Khaled A. Selim
author_sort	Adel G. Abdel-Razek
title	Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites
title_short	Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites
title_full	Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites
title_fullStr	Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites
title_full_unstemmed	Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites
title_sort	efficacy of bottle gourd seeds’ extracts in chemical hazard reduction secreted as toxigenic fungi metabolites
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/18d607e0721e496eaf05af258f1c1320
work_keys_str_mv	AT adelgabdelrazek efficacyofbottlegourdseedsextractsinchemicalhazardreductionsecretedastoxigenicfungimetabolites AT ahmednbadr efficacyofbottlegourdseedsextractsinchemicalhazardreductionsecretedastoxigenicfungimetabolites AT salmansalharthi efficacyofbottlegourdseedsextractsinchemicalhazardreductionsecretedastoxigenicfungimetabolites AT khaledaselim efficacyofbottlegourdseedsextractsinchemicalhazardreductionsecretedastoxigenicfungimetabolites
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Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites

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