Long‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil

Abstract Biochar addition can enhance soil quality and sequester carbon. However, changes in soil organic matter (SOM) molecular compositions in response to long‐term biochar addition have rarely been studied. Therefore, we quantified soil organic carbon fractions, carbon‐cycling enzyme activities,...

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Autores principales:	Jiali Sun, Hongbo Li, Deshan Zhang, Ruliang Liu, Aiping Zhang, Zed Rengel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	biomarkers enzyme activity growth stage lignin lipids rhizosphere soil Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade HD9502-9502.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/18eff0e86de14cd99202d6b6f0fea81b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:18eff0e86de14cd99202d6b6f0fea81b2021-11-09T02:26:56ZLong‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil1757-17071757-169310.1111/gcbb.12896https://doaj.org/article/18eff0e86de14cd99202d6b6f0fea81b2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12896https://doaj.org/toc/1757-1693https://doaj.org/toc/1757-1707Abstract Biochar addition can enhance soil quality and sequester carbon. However, changes in soil organic matter (SOM) molecular compositions in response to long‐term biochar addition have rarely been studied. Therefore, we quantified soil organic carbon fractions, carbon‐cycling enzyme activities, and a range of organic compounds and lignin‐derived phenols in the rhizosphere and bulk soils in different rice growth stages in the 8‐year field trial with biochar application rates of 0 (BC‐0), 4.5 (BC‐L), and 13.5 t ha−1 year−1 (BC‐H). We found that higher amounts of biochar addition (BC‐H) increased labile organic carbon (LOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), and promoted activities of α‐1,4‐glucosidase, β‐D‐cellobiohydrolase and β‐1,4‐xylosidase; in contrast, BC‐L treatment reduced activities of these enzymes. The concentrations of dichloromethane/methanol‐extractable plant‐ and microbial‐derived organic compounds in the rhizosphere and bulk soils at tillering decreased significantly in the treatment with low amount of biochar addition. BC‐L also significantly altered the concentrations of extracted compounds in the rhizosphere soil at tillering and harvest. Concentration of lignin in the bulk soil was significantly reduced in BC‐L at tillering (by 19%) and harvest (by 28%). The concentrations of extracted compounds (e.g., n‐alkanols, n‐alkanoic acids, steroids, and carbohydrates) and lignin were generally significantly higher in the bulk than the rhizosphere soil at tillering and harvest. Long‐term biochar application (BC‐H) promoted lignin decomposition in the bulk soil (at tillering) and the rhizosphere soil (at harvest). Hence, biochar decreased stability of lignin in paddy soil. Our study provided evidence that long‐term biochar application changed the molecular composition and dynamics of degradation of SOM. These results deepen our understanding of the mechanisms governing SOM stability in agricultural ecosystems.Jiali SunHongbo LiDeshan ZhangRuliang LiuAiping ZhangZed RengelWileyarticlebiomarkersenzyme activitygrowth stageligninlipidsrhizosphere soilRenewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel tradeHD9502-9502.5ENGCB Bioenergy, Vol 13, Iss 12, Pp 1939-1953 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biomarkers enzyme activity growth stage lignin lipids rhizosphere soil Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade HD9502-9502.5
spellingShingle	biomarkers enzyme activity growth stage lignin lipids rhizosphere soil Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade HD9502-9502.5 Jiali Sun Hongbo Li Deshan Zhang Ruliang Liu Aiping Zhang Zed Rengel Long‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil
description	Abstract Biochar addition can enhance soil quality and sequester carbon. However, changes in soil organic matter (SOM) molecular compositions in response to long‐term biochar addition have rarely been studied. Therefore, we quantified soil organic carbon fractions, carbon‐cycling enzyme activities, and a range of organic compounds and lignin‐derived phenols in the rhizosphere and bulk soils in different rice growth stages in the 8‐year field trial with biochar application rates of 0 (BC‐0), 4.5 (BC‐L), and 13.5 t ha−1 year−1 (BC‐H). We found that higher amounts of biochar addition (BC‐H) increased labile organic carbon (LOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), and promoted activities of α‐1,4‐glucosidase, β‐D‐cellobiohydrolase and β‐1,4‐xylosidase; in contrast, BC‐L treatment reduced activities of these enzymes. The concentrations of dichloromethane/methanol‐extractable plant‐ and microbial‐derived organic compounds in the rhizosphere and bulk soils at tillering decreased significantly in the treatment with low amount of biochar addition. BC‐L also significantly altered the concentrations of extracted compounds in the rhizosphere soil at tillering and harvest. Concentration of lignin in the bulk soil was significantly reduced in BC‐L at tillering (by 19%) and harvest (by 28%). The concentrations of extracted compounds (e.g., n‐alkanols, n‐alkanoic acids, steroids, and carbohydrates) and lignin were generally significantly higher in the bulk than the rhizosphere soil at tillering and harvest. Long‐term biochar application (BC‐H) promoted lignin decomposition in the bulk soil (at tillering) and the rhizosphere soil (at harvest). Hence, biochar decreased stability of lignin in paddy soil. Our study provided evidence that long‐term biochar application changed the molecular composition and dynamics of degradation of SOM. These results deepen our understanding of the mechanisms governing SOM stability in agricultural ecosystems.
format	article
author	Jiali Sun Hongbo Li Deshan Zhang Ruliang Liu Aiping Zhang Zed Rengel
author_facet	Jiali Sun Hongbo Li Deshan Zhang Ruliang Liu Aiping Zhang Zed Rengel
author_sort	Jiali Sun
title	Long‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil
title_short	Long‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil
title_full	Long‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil
title_fullStr	Long‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil
title_full_unstemmed	Long‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil
title_sort	long‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/18eff0e86de14cd99202d6b6f0fea81b
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Long‐term biochar application governs the molecular compositions and decomposition of organic matter in paddy soil

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