Comparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native Australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.

Myxosporean parasites Cystodiscus axonis and C. australis are pathogens of native and exotic Australian frog species. The pathology and ecological outcomes of infection with these parasites were investigated in this study. Gliosis was correlated to Cystodiscus axonis plasmodia in the brains of (9/60...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Ashlie Hartigan, Navneet K Dhand, Karrie Rose, Jan Šlapeta, David N Phalen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/18f40a48deb34d8fa81f0dcb8ab08d74
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:18f40a48deb34d8fa81f0dcb8ab08d74
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:18f40a48deb34d8fa81f0dcb8ab08d742021-11-18T08:13:25ZComparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native Australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0043780https://doaj.org/article/18f40a48deb34d8fa81f0dcb8ab08d742012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23056175/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Myxosporean parasites Cystodiscus axonis and C. australis are pathogens of native and exotic Australian frog species. The pathology and ecological outcomes of infection with these parasites were investigated in this study. Gliosis was correlated to Cystodiscus axonis plasmodia in the brains of (9/60) tadpoles and (3/9) adult endangered Green and golden bell frogs using ordinal regression. Severe host reactions to C. axonis (haemorrhage, necrosis, and vasulitis) were observed in the brains of threatened Southern bell frogs (8/8), critically endangered Booroolong frogs (15/44) and Yellow spotted bell frogs (3/3). Severe brain lesions were associated with behavioural changes, neurological dysfunction, and spontaneous death. Both C. axonis and C. australis develop in the bile ducts of tadpoles, the plasmodia were significantly associated with biliary hyperplasia, inflammation and the loss of hepatocytes in (34/72) Green and golden bell frog tadpoles using ordinal regression. These lesions were so severe that in some cases 70% of the total liver was diseased. Normal liver function in tadpoles is necessary for metamorphosis, metabolism, and immune function. We postulate that this extensive liver damage would have significant host health impacts. Severe hepatic myxosporidiosis was more prevalent in tadpoles examined in autumn and winter (overwintered), suggestive of delayed metamorphosis in infected tadpoles, which would have serious flow-on effects in small populations. We compared the sensitivity of histopathology and species-specific PCR in the detection of C. australis and C. axonis. PCR was determined to be the most sensitive method (detection limit 1 myxospore equivalent of ribosomal DNA). Histology, however, had the advantage of assessing the impact of the parasite on the host. It was concluded that these parasites have the potential for significant ecological impacts, because of their high prevalence of infection and their ability to cause disease in some frogs.Ashlie HartiganNavneet K DhandKarrie RoseJan ŠlapetaDavid N PhalenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 10, p e43780 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ashlie Hartigan Navneet K Dhand Karrie Rose Jan Šlapeta David N Phalen Comparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native Australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.
description	Myxosporean parasites Cystodiscus axonis and C. australis are pathogens of native and exotic Australian frog species. The pathology and ecological outcomes of infection with these parasites were investigated in this study. Gliosis was correlated to Cystodiscus axonis plasmodia in the brains of (9/60) tadpoles and (3/9) adult endangered Green and golden bell frogs using ordinal regression. Severe host reactions to C. axonis (haemorrhage, necrosis, and vasulitis) were observed in the brains of threatened Southern bell frogs (8/8), critically endangered Booroolong frogs (15/44) and Yellow spotted bell frogs (3/3). Severe brain lesions were associated with behavioural changes, neurological dysfunction, and spontaneous death. Both C. axonis and C. australis develop in the bile ducts of tadpoles, the plasmodia were significantly associated with biliary hyperplasia, inflammation and the loss of hepatocytes in (34/72) Green and golden bell frog tadpoles using ordinal regression. These lesions were so severe that in some cases 70% of the total liver was diseased. Normal liver function in tadpoles is necessary for metamorphosis, metabolism, and immune function. We postulate that this extensive liver damage would have significant host health impacts. Severe hepatic myxosporidiosis was more prevalent in tadpoles examined in autumn and winter (overwintered), suggestive of delayed metamorphosis in infected tadpoles, which would have serious flow-on effects in small populations. We compared the sensitivity of histopathology and species-specific PCR in the detection of C. australis and C. axonis. PCR was determined to be the most sensitive method (detection limit 1 myxospore equivalent of ribosomal DNA). Histology, however, had the advantage of assessing the impact of the parasite on the host. It was concluded that these parasites have the potential for significant ecological impacts, because of their high prevalence of infection and their ability to cause disease in some frogs.
format	article
author	Ashlie Hartigan Navneet K Dhand Karrie Rose Jan Šlapeta David N Phalen
author_facet	Ashlie Hartigan Navneet K Dhand Karrie Rose Jan Šlapeta David N Phalen
author_sort	Ashlie Hartigan
title	Comparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native Australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.
title_short	Comparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native Australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.
title_full	Comparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native Australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.
title_fullStr	Comparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native Australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native Australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.
title_sort	comparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/18f40a48deb34d8fa81f0dcb8ab08d74
work_keys_str_mv	AT ashliehartigan comparativepathologyandecologicalimplicationsoftwomyxosporeanparasitesinnativeaustralianfrogsandtheinvasivecanetoad AT navneetkdhand comparativepathologyandecologicalimplicationsoftwomyxosporeanparasitesinnativeaustralianfrogsandtheinvasivecanetoad AT karrierose comparativepathologyandecologicalimplicationsoftwomyxosporeanparasitesinnativeaustralianfrogsandtheinvasivecanetoad AT janslapeta comparativepathologyandecologicalimplicationsoftwomyxosporeanparasitesinnativeaustralianfrogsandtheinvasivecanetoad AT davidnphalen comparativepathologyandecologicalimplicationsoftwomyxosporeanparasitesinnativeaustralianfrogsandtheinvasivecanetoad
_version_	1718422029452967936

Comparative pathology and ecological implications of two myxosporean parasites in native Australian frogs and the invasive cane toad.

Ejemplares similares