Precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS

Abstract The trigonometric levelling using the simultaneous reciprocal method has been proved to meet the precision of second order levelling. But this method is invalid once the distance of river crossing is beyond 3.5 km due to the difficulty of target recognition at such a long distance. To expan...

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Autores principales:	DingLiang Yang, JinGui Zou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/18f8b68648954260b431c6a9078469e2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:18f8b68648954260b431c6a9078469e22021-12-02T14:17:31ZPrecise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS10.1038/s41598-021-86929-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/18f8b68648954260b431c6a9078469e22021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86929-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The trigonometric levelling using the simultaneous reciprocal method has been proved to meet the precision of second order levelling. But this method is invalid once the distance of river crossing is beyond 3.5 km due to the difficulty of target recognition at such a long distance. To expand the available range of this method, this paper focuses on solving the target aiming and distance observation over a long distance. A modular LED 5-prism (modified Leica GPR1 reflector) as an illuminated target instead of the common prism is introduced, and we adopt the sub-pixel image processing technique to recognize the center of the target image pictured by image assisted total station (Leica Nova TM50 I equipped with a coaxial camera). Based on the principle of precise trigonometric levelling, this paper utilizes two image assisted total stations using image processing technique to perform simultaneous reciprocal for zenith angle measurement and GNSS static measurement for slope distance measurement to determine the height difference of either river bank. And long-distance precise river-crossing levelling can be realized based on the mentioned above. Besides, it is successful to apply in the experiment of Fuzhou Bridge spanning 6.3 km in China. The result shows the standard deviation is ± 0.76 mm/km that is compatible with the precision of second order levelling has.DingLiang YangJinGui ZouNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q DingLiang Yang JinGui Zou Precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS
description	Abstract The trigonometric levelling using the simultaneous reciprocal method has been proved to meet the precision of second order levelling. But this method is invalid once the distance of river crossing is beyond 3.5 km due to the difficulty of target recognition at such a long distance. To expand the available range of this method, this paper focuses on solving the target aiming and distance observation over a long distance. A modular LED 5-prism (modified Leica GPR1 reflector) as an illuminated target instead of the common prism is introduced, and we adopt the sub-pixel image processing technique to recognize the center of the target image pictured by image assisted total station (Leica Nova TM50 I equipped with a coaxial camera). Based on the principle of precise trigonometric levelling, this paper utilizes two image assisted total stations using image processing technique to perform simultaneous reciprocal for zenith angle measurement and GNSS static measurement for slope distance measurement to determine the height difference of either river bank. And long-distance precise river-crossing levelling can be realized based on the mentioned above. Besides, it is successful to apply in the experiment of Fuzhou Bridge spanning 6.3 km in China. The result shows the standard deviation is ± 0.76 mm/km that is compatible with the precision of second order levelling has.
format	article
author	DingLiang Yang JinGui Zou
author_facet	DingLiang Yang JinGui Zou
author_sort	DingLiang Yang
title	Precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS
title_short	Precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS
title_full	Precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS
title_fullStr	Precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS
title_full_unstemmed	Precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS
title_sort	precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and gnss
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/18f8b68648954260b431c6a9078469e2
work_keys_str_mv	AT dingliangyang preciselevellingincrossingriverover5kmusingtotalstationandgnss AT jinguizou preciselevellingincrossingriverover5kmusingtotalstationandgnss
_version_	1718391592294809600

Precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS

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