Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.

Humans favor others seen as similar to themselves (ingroup) over people seen as different (outgroup), even without explicitly stated bias. Ingroup-outgroup bias extends to involuntary responses, such as empathy for pain. However, empathy biases have not been tested in our close primate relatives. Co...

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Main Authors:	Matthew W Campbell, Frans B M de Waal
Format:	article
Language:	EN
Published:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Subjects:	Medicine R Science Q
Online Access:	https://doaj.org/article/192cb6cfcef34cc0b1d8db527391c2a7
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:192cb6cfcef34cc0b1d8db527391c2a7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:192cb6cfcef34cc0b1d8db527391c2a72021-11-18T06:56:10ZIngroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0018283https://doaj.org/article/192cb6cfcef34cc0b1d8db527391c2a72011-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21494669/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Humans favor others seen as similar to themselves (ingroup) over people seen as different (outgroup), even without explicitly stated bias. Ingroup-outgroup bias extends to involuntary responses, such as empathy for pain. However, empathy biases have not been tested in our close primate relatives. Contagious yawning has been theoretically and empirically linked to empathy. If empathy underlies contagious yawning, we predict that subjects should show an ingroup-outgroup bias by yawning more in response to watching ingroup members yawn than outgroup. Twenty-three chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from two separate groups watched videos of familiar and unfamiliar individuals yawning or at rest (control). The chimpanzees yawned more when watching the familiar yawns than the familiar control or the unfamiliar yawns, demonstrating an ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning. These results provide further empirical support that contagious yawning is a measure of empathy, which may be useful for evolutionary biology and mental health.Matthew W CampbellFrans B M de WaalPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 4, p e18283 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Matthew W Campbell Frans B M de Waal Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.
description	Humans favor others seen as similar to themselves (ingroup) over people seen as different (outgroup), even without explicitly stated bias. Ingroup-outgroup bias extends to involuntary responses, such as empathy for pain. However, empathy biases have not been tested in our close primate relatives. Contagious yawning has been theoretically and empirically linked to empathy. If empathy underlies contagious yawning, we predict that subjects should show an ingroup-outgroup bias by yawning more in response to watching ingroup members yawn than outgroup. Twenty-three chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from two separate groups watched videos of familiar and unfamiliar individuals yawning or at rest (control). The chimpanzees yawned more when watching the familiar yawns than the familiar control or the unfamiliar yawns, demonstrating an ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning. These results provide further empirical support that contagious yawning is a measure of empathy, which may be useful for evolutionary biology and mental health.
format	article
author	Matthew W Campbell Frans B M de Waal
author_facet	Matthew W Campbell Frans B M de Waal
author_sort	Matthew W Campbell
title	Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.
title_short	Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.
title_full	Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.
title_fullStr	Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.
title_full_unstemmed	Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.
title_sort	ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/192cb6cfcef34cc0b1d8db527391c2a7
work_keys_str_mv	AT matthewwcampbell ingroupoutgroupbiasincontagiousyawningbychimpanzeessupportslinktoempathy AT fransbmdewaal ingroupoutgroupbiasincontagiousyawningbychimpanzeessupportslinktoempathy
_version_	1718424151980507136

Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy.

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