Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark

ABSTRACT Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) modulate several eukaryotic cellular processes, including transcription, replication, and repair. Vast arrays of modifications have been identified in conventional eukaryotes over the last 20 to 25 years. While initial studies uncovered these p...

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Autor principal:	Swati Saha
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	histone modifications chromatin modifications chromatin architecture histone acetylation histone acetyltransferases histone methylation Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/19379d37b4d94f29a4d5420b28f3632a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:19379d37b4d94f29a4d5420b28f3632a2021-11-15T16:19:10ZHistone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark10.1128/mBio.01079-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/19379d37b4d94f29a4d5420b28f3632a2020-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01079-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) modulate several eukaryotic cellular processes, including transcription, replication, and repair. Vast arrays of modifications have been identified in conventional eukaryotes over the last 20 to 25 years. While initial studies uncovered these primarily on histone tails, multiple modifications were subsequently found on the central globular domains as well. Histones are evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes, and a large number of their PTMs and the functional relevance of these PTMs are largely conserved. Trypanosomatids, however, are early diverging eukaryotes. Although possessing all four canonical histones as well as several variants, their sequences diverge from those of other eukaryotes, particularly in the tails. Consequently, the modifications they carry also vary. Initial analyses almost 15 years ago suggested that trypanosomatids possessed a smaller collection of histone modifications. However, exhaustive high resolution mass spectrometry analyses in the last few years have overturned this belief, and it is now evident that the “histone code” proposed by Allis and coworkers in the early years of this century is as complex in these organisms as in other eukaryotes. Trypanosomatids cause several diseases, and the members of this group of organisms have varied lifestyles, evolving diverse mechanisms to evade the host immune system, some of which have been found to be principally controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. This minireview aims to acquaint the reader with the impact of histone PTMs on trypanosomatid cellular processes, as well as other facets of trypanosomatid epigenetic regulation, including the influence of three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture, and discusses avenues for future investigations.Swati SahaAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlehistone modificationschromatin modificationschromatin architecturehistone acetylationhistone acetyltransferaseshistone methylationMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 5 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	histone modifications chromatin modifications chromatin architecture histone acetylation histone acetyltransferases histone methylation Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	histone modifications chromatin modifications chromatin architecture histone acetylation histone acetyltransferases histone methylation Microbiology QR1-502 Swati Saha Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark
description	ABSTRACT Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) modulate several eukaryotic cellular processes, including transcription, replication, and repair. Vast arrays of modifications have been identified in conventional eukaryotes over the last 20 to 25 years. While initial studies uncovered these primarily on histone tails, multiple modifications were subsequently found on the central globular domains as well. Histones are evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes, and a large number of their PTMs and the functional relevance of these PTMs are largely conserved. Trypanosomatids, however, are early diverging eukaryotes. Although possessing all four canonical histones as well as several variants, their sequences diverge from those of other eukaryotes, particularly in the tails. Consequently, the modifications they carry also vary. Initial analyses almost 15 years ago suggested that trypanosomatids possessed a smaller collection of histone modifications. However, exhaustive high resolution mass spectrometry analyses in the last few years have overturned this belief, and it is now evident that the “histone code” proposed by Allis and coworkers in the early years of this century is as complex in these organisms as in other eukaryotes. Trypanosomatids cause several diseases, and the members of this group of organisms have varied lifestyles, evolving diverse mechanisms to evade the host immune system, some of which have been found to be principally controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. This minireview aims to acquaint the reader with the impact of histone PTMs on trypanosomatid cellular processes, as well as other facets of trypanosomatid epigenetic regulation, including the influence of three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture, and discusses avenues for future investigations.
format	article
author	Swati Saha
author_facet	Swati Saha
author_sort	Swati Saha
title	Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark
title_short	Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark
title_full	Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark
title_fullStr	Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark
title_full_unstemmed	Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark
title_sort	histone modifications and other facets of epigenetic regulation in trypanosomatids: leaving their mark
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/19379d37b4d94f29a4d5420b28f3632a
work_keys_str_mv	AT swatisaha histonemodificationsandotherfacetsofepigeneticregulationintrypanosomatidsleavingtheirmark
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Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark

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