Design and Characterization of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Delivery of Proanthocyanidins

Toribio Figueroa,1 Claudio Aguayo,2 Katherina Fernández1 1Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; 2Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Un...

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Autores principales: Figueroa T, Aguayo C, Fernández K
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Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2020
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:19425900192445b288f78be6487138a02021-12-02T03:22:48ZDesign and Characterization of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Delivery of Proanthocyanidins1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/19425900192445b288f78be6487138a02020-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/design-and-characterization-of-chitosan-graphene-oxide-nanocomposites--peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Toribio Figueroa,1 Claudio Aguayo,2 Katherina Fernández1 1Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; 2Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, ChileCorrespondence: Katherina FernándezLaboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, ChileEmail kfernandeze@udec.clIntroduction: In the last years, the utilization of phytomedicines has increased given their good therapeutic activity and fewer side effects compared to allopathic medicines. However, concerns associated with the biocompatibility and toxicity of natural compounds, limit the phytochemical therapeutic action, opening the opportunity to develop new systems that will be able to effectively deliver these substances. This study has developed a nanocomposite of chitosan (CS) functionalized with graphene oxide (GO) for the delivery of proanthocyanidins (PAs), obtained from a grape seed extract (Ext.).Methods: The GO-CS nanocomposite was covalently bonded and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The loading and release of Ext. from the GO-CS nanocomposite were performed in simulated physiological, and the cytotoxicity of the raw materials (GO and Ext.) and nanocomposites (GO-CS and GO-CS-Ext.) was determined using a human kidney cell line (HEK 293).Results: The chemical characterization indicated that the covalent union was successfully achieved between the GO and CS, with 44 wt. % CS in the nanocomposite. The GO-CS nanocomposite was thermostable and presented an average diameter of 480 nm (by DLS). The Ext. loading capacity was approximately 20 wt. %, and under simulated physiological conditions, 28.4 wt.% Ext. (g) was released per g of the nanocomposite. GO-CS-Ext. was noncytotoxic, presenting a 97% survival rate compared with 11% for the raw extract and 48% for the GO-CS nanocomposite at a concentration of 500 μg mL-1 after 24 hrs.Conclusion: Due to π–π stacking and hydrophilic interactions, GO-CS was reasonably efficient in binding Ext., with high loading capacity and Ext. release from the nanocomposite. The GO-CS nanocomposite also increased the biocompatibility of PAs-rich Ext., representing a new platform for the sustained release of phytodrugs.Keywords: biomaterials, synthesis, chitosan, CS, proanthocyanidins, PAs, graphene oxide, GO, cytotoxicity, nanocompositeFigueroa TAguayo CFernández KDove Medical Pressarticlebiomaterialssynthesischitosan (cs)proanthocyanidins (pas)graphene oxide (go)cytotoxicitynanocomposite.Medicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 15, Pp 1229-1238 (2020)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic biomaterials
synthesis
chitosan (cs)
proanthocyanidins (pas)
graphene oxide (go)
cytotoxicity
nanocomposite.
Medicine (General)
R5-920
spellingShingle biomaterials
synthesis
chitosan (cs)
proanthocyanidins (pas)
graphene oxide (go)
cytotoxicity
nanocomposite.
Medicine (General)
R5-920
Figueroa T
Aguayo C
Fernández K
Design and Characterization of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Delivery of Proanthocyanidins
description Toribio Figueroa,1 Claudio Aguayo,2 Katherina Fernández1 1Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; 2Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, ChileCorrespondence: Katherina FernándezLaboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, ChileEmail kfernandeze@udec.clIntroduction: In the last years, the utilization of phytomedicines has increased given their good therapeutic activity and fewer side effects compared to allopathic medicines. However, concerns associated with the biocompatibility and toxicity of natural compounds, limit the phytochemical therapeutic action, opening the opportunity to develop new systems that will be able to effectively deliver these substances. This study has developed a nanocomposite of chitosan (CS) functionalized with graphene oxide (GO) for the delivery of proanthocyanidins (PAs), obtained from a grape seed extract (Ext.).Methods: The GO-CS nanocomposite was covalently bonded and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The loading and release of Ext. from the GO-CS nanocomposite were performed in simulated physiological, and the cytotoxicity of the raw materials (GO and Ext.) and nanocomposites (GO-CS and GO-CS-Ext.) was determined using a human kidney cell line (HEK 293).Results: The chemical characterization indicated that the covalent union was successfully achieved between the GO and CS, with 44 wt. % CS in the nanocomposite. The GO-CS nanocomposite was thermostable and presented an average diameter of 480 nm (by DLS). The Ext. loading capacity was approximately 20 wt. %, and under simulated physiological conditions, 28.4 wt.% Ext. (g) was released per g of the nanocomposite. GO-CS-Ext. was noncytotoxic, presenting a 97% survival rate compared with 11% for the raw extract and 48% for the GO-CS nanocomposite at a concentration of 500 μg mL-1 after 24 hrs.Conclusion: Due to π–π stacking and hydrophilic interactions, GO-CS was reasonably efficient in binding Ext., with high loading capacity and Ext. release from the nanocomposite. The GO-CS nanocomposite also increased the biocompatibility of PAs-rich Ext., representing a new platform for the sustained release of phytodrugs.Keywords: biomaterials, synthesis, chitosan, CS, proanthocyanidins, PAs, graphene oxide, GO, cytotoxicity, nanocomposite
format article
author Figueroa T
Aguayo C
Fernández K
author_facet Figueroa T
Aguayo C
Fernández K
author_sort Figueroa T
title Design and Characterization of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Delivery of Proanthocyanidins
title_short Design and Characterization of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Delivery of Proanthocyanidins
title_full Design and Characterization of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Delivery of Proanthocyanidins
title_fullStr Design and Characterization of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Delivery of Proanthocyanidins
title_full_unstemmed Design and Characterization of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Delivery of Proanthocyanidins
title_sort design and characterization of chitosan-graphene oxide nanocomposites for the delivery of proanthocyanidins
publisher Dove Medical Press
publishDate 2020
url https://doaj.org/article/19425900192445b288f78be6487138a0
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AT fernandezk designandcharacterizationofchitosangrapheneoxidenanocompositesforthedeliveryofproanthocyanidins
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