High brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1b mRNA and protein expression in the brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.

Na(+):K(+):2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) has been implicated in mediating ischemia-, trauma- or ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling/brain edema in mammals. This study aimed to determine the effects of ammonia or terrestrial exposure on ammonia concentrations in the plasma and brain, and the mRNA exp...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Yuen K Ip, Zhisheng Hou, Xiu L Chen, Jasmine L Y Ong, You R Chng, Biyun Ching, Kum C Hiong, Shit F Chew
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1961e345396642f8917703d8545d65bf
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:1961e345396642f8917703d8545d65bf
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1961e345396642f8917703d8545d65bf2021-11-18T08:54:37ZHigh brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1b mRNA and protein expression in the brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0069512https://doaj.org/article/1961e345396642f8917703d8545d65bf2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24069137/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Na(+):K(+):2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) has been implicated in mediating ischemia-, trauma- or ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling/brain edema in mammals. This study aimed to determine the effects of ammonia or terrestrial exposure on ammonia concentrations in the plasma and brain, and the mRNA expression and protein abundance of nkcc/Nkcc in the brain, of the swamp eel Monopterusalbus. Ammonia exposure led to a greater increase in the ammonia concentration in the brain of M. albus than terrestrial exposure. The brain ammonia concentration of M. albus reached 4.5 µmol g(-1) and 2.7 µmol g(-1) after 6 days of exposure to 50 mmol l(-1) NH4Cl and terrestrial conditions, respectively. The full cDNA coding sequence of nkcc1b from M. albus brain comprised 3276 bp and coded for 1092 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 119.6 kDa. A molecular characterization indicated that it could be activated through phosphorylation and/or glycosylation by osmotic and/or oxidative stresses. Ammonia exposure for 1 day or 6 days led to significant decreases in the nkcc1b mRNA expression and Nkcc1b protein abundance in the brain of M. albus. In comparison, a significant decrease in nkcc1b mRNA expression was observed in the brain of M. albus only after 6 days of terrestrial exposure, but both 1 day and 6 days of terrestrial exposure resulted in significant decreases in the protein abundance of Nkcc1b. These results are novel because it has been established in mammals that ammonia up-regulates NKCC1 expression in astrocytes and NKCC1 plays an important role in ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling and brain edema. By contrast, our results indicate for the first time that M. albus is able to down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of nkcc1b/Nkcc1b in the brain when confronted with ammonia toxicity, which could be one of the contributing factors to its extraordinarily high brain ammonia tolerance.Yuen K IpZhisheng HouXiu L ChenJasmine L Y OngYou R ChngBiyun ChingKum C HiongShit F ChewPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e69512 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yuen K Ip Zhisheng Hou Xiu L Chen Jasmine L Y Ong You R Chng Biyun Ching Kum C Hiong Shit F Chew High brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1b mRNA and protein expression in the brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.
description	Na(+):K(+):2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) has been implicated in mediating ischemia-, trauma- or ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling/brain edema in mammals. This study aimed to determine the effects of ammonia or terrestrial exposure on ammonia concentrations in the plasma and brain, and the mRNA expression and protein abundance of nkcc/Nkcc in the brain, of the swamp eel Monopterusalbus. Ammonia exposure led to a greater increase in the ammonia concentration in the brain of M. albus than terrestrial exposure. The brain ammonia concentration of M. albus reached 4.5 µmol g(-1) and 2.7 µmol g(-1) after 6 days of exposure to 50 mmol l(-1) NH4Cl and terrestrial conditions, respectively. The full cDNA coding sequence of nkcc1b from M. albus brain comprised 3276 bp and coded for 1092 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 119.6 kDa. A molecular characterization indicated that it could be activated through phosphorylation and/or glycosylation by osmotic and/or oxidative stresses. Ammonia exposure for 1 day or 6 days led to significant decreases in the nkcc1b mRNA expression and Nkcc1b protein abundance in the brain of M. albus. In comparison, a significant decrease in nkcc1b mRNA expression was observed in the brain of M. albus only after 6 days of terrestrial exposure, but both 1 day and 6 days of terrestrial exposure resulted in significant decreases in the protein abundance of Nkcc1b. These results are novel because it has been established in mammals that ammonia up-regulates NKCC1 expression in astrocytes and NKCC1 plays an important role in ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling and brain edema. By contrast, our results indicate for the first time that M. albus is able to down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of nkcc1b/Nkcc1b in the brain when confronted with ammonia toxicity, which could be one of the contributing factors to its extraordinarily high brain ammonia tolerance.
format	article
author	Yuen K Ip Zhisheng Hou Xiu L Chen Jasmine L Y Ong You R Chng Biyun Ching Kum C Hiong Shit F Chew
author_facet	Yuen K Ip Zhisheng Hou Xiu L Chen Jasmine L Y Ong You R Chng Biyun Ching Kum C Hiong Shit F Chew
author_sort	Yuen K Ip
title	High brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1b mRNA and protein expression in the brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.
title_short	High brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1b mRNA and protein expression in the brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.
title_full	High brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1b mRNA and protein expression in the brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.
title_fullStr	High brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1b mRNA and protein expression in the brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.
title_full_unstemmed	High brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1b mRNA and protein expression in the brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.
title_sort	high brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of na+:k+:2cl(-) cotransporter 1b mrna and protein expression in the brain of the swamp eel, monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/1961e345396642f8917703d8545d65bf
work_keys_str_mv	AT yuenkip highbrainammoniatoleranceanddownregulationofnak2clcotransporter1bmrnaandproteinexpressioninthebrainoftheswampeelmonopterusalbusexposedtoenvironmentalammoniaorterrestrialconditions AT zhishenghou highbrainammoniatoleranceanddownregulationofnak2clcotransporter1bmrnaandproteinexpressioninthebrainoftheswampeelmonopterusalbusexposedtoenvironmentalammoniaorterrestrialconditions AT xiulchen highbrainammoniatoleranceanddownregulationofnak2clcotransporter1bmrnaandproteinexpressioninthebrainoftheswampeelmonopterusalbusexposedtoenvironmentalammoniaorterrestrialconditions AT jasminelyong highbrainammoniatoleranceanddownregulationofnak2clcotransporter1bmrnaandproteinexpressioninthebrainoftheswampeelmonopterusalbusexposedtoenvironmentalammoniaorterrestrialconditions AT yourchng highbrainammoniatoleranceanddownregulationofnak2clcotransporter1bmrnaandproteinexpressioninthebrainoftheswampeelmonopterusalbusexposedtoenvironmentalammoniaorterrestrialconditions AT biyunching highbrainammoniatoleranceanddownregulationofnak2clcotransporter1bmrnaandproteinexpressioninthebrainoftheswampeelmonopterusalbusexposedtoenvironmentalammoniaorterrestrialconditions AT kumchiong highbrainammoniatoleranceanddownregulationofnak2clcotransporter1bmrnaandproteinexpressioninthebrainoftheswampeelmonopterusalbusexposedtoenvironmentalammoniaorterrestrialconditions AT shitfchew highbrainammoniatoleranceanddownregulationofnak2clcotransporter1bmrnaandproteinexpressioninthebrainoftheswampeelmonopterusalbusexposedtoenvironmentalammoniaorterrestrialconditions
_version_	1718421127806582784

High brain ammonia tolerance and down-regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1b mRNA and protein expression in the brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to environmental ammonia or terrestrial conditions.

Ejemplares similares