The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations
The progression of neurodegenerative diseases is reciprocally associated with impairments in peripheral immune responses. We investigated different contexts of selective neurodegeneration to identify specific alterations of peripheral immune cells and, at the same time, discover potential biomarkers...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:1971fdd4f2dc4269806dea73b2b401412021-12-01T19:23:22ZThe Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations1662-510210.3389/fncel.2021.773696https://doaj.org/article/1971fdd4f2dc4269806dea73b2b401412021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2021.773696/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5102The progression of neurodegenerative diseases is reciprocally associated with impairments in peripheral immune responses. We investigated different contexts of selective neurodegeneration to identify specific alterations of peripheral immune cells and, at the same time, discover potential biomarkers associated to this pathological condition. Consequently, a model of human cerebellar degeneration and ataxia -the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mouse- has been employed, as it allows the study of different processes of selective neuronal death in the same animal, i.e., Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Infiltrated leukocytes were studied in both brain areas and compared with those from other standardized neuroinflammatory models obtained by administering either gamma radiation or lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, both myeloid and lymphoid splenic populations were analyzed by flow cytometry, focusing on markers of functional maturity and antigen presentation. The severity and type of neural damage and inflammation affected immune cell infiltration. Leukocytes were more numerous in the cerebellum of PCD mice, being located predominantly within those cerebellar layers mostly affected by neurodegeneration, in a completely different manner than the typical models of induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the milder degeneration of the olfactory bulb did not foster leukocyte attraction. Concerning the splenic analysis, in PCD mice we found: (1) a decreased percentage of several myeloid cell subsets, and (2) a reduced mean fluorescence intensity in those myeloid markers related to both antigen presentation and functional maturity. In conclusion, the selective degeneration of Purkinje cells triggers a specific effect on peripheral immune cells, fostering both attraction and functional changes. This fact endorses the employment of peripheral immune cell populations as concrete biomarkers for monitoring different neuronal death processes.Carlos del PilarCarlos del PilarRafael Lebrón-GalánRafael Lebrón-GalánEster Pérez-MartínEster Pérez-MartínLaura Pérez-RevueltaLaura Pérez-RevueltaCarmelo Antonio Ávila-ZarzaCarmelo Antonio Ávila-ZarzaJosé Ramón AlonsoJosé Ramón AlonsoJosé Ramón AlonsoDiego ClementeDiego ClementeEduardo WeruagaEduardo WeruagaDavid DíazDavid DíazFrontiers Media S.A.articleselective neurodegenerationneuroinflammationbrain infiltrationbiomarkersperipheral immune alterationsNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021) |
| institution |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
| topic |
selective neurodegeneration neuroinflammation brain infiltration biomarkers peripheral immune alterations Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 |
| spellingShingle |
selective neurodegeneration neuroinflammation brain infiltration biomarkers peripheral immune alterations Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Carlos del Pilar Carlos del Pilar Rafael Lebrón-Galán Rafael Lebrón-Galán Ester Pérez-Martín Ester Pérez-Martín Laura Pérez-Revuelta Laura Pérez-Revuelta Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza José Ramón Alonso José Ramón Alonso José Ramón Alonso Diego Clemente Diego Clemente Eduardo Weruaga Eduardo Weruaga David Díaz David Díaz The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations |
| description |
The progression of neurodegenerative diseases is reciprocally associated with impairments in peripheral immune responses. We investigated different contexts of selective neurodegeneration to identify specific alterations of peripheral immune cells and, at the same time, discover potential biomarkers associated to this pathological condition. Consequently, a model of human cerebellar degeneration and ataxia -the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mouse- has been employed, as it allows the study of different processes of selective neuronal death in the same animal, i.e., Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Infiltrated leukocytes were studied in both brain areas and compared with those from other standardized neuroinflammatory models obtained by administering either gamma radiation or lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, both myeloid and lymphoid splenic populations were analyzed by flow cytometry, focusing on markers of functional maturity and antigen presentation. The severity and type of neural damage and inflammation affected immune cell infiltration. Leukocytes were more numerous in the cerebellum of PCD mice, being located predominantly within those cerebellar layers mostly affected by neurodegeneration, in a completely different manner than the typical models of induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the milder degeneration of the olfactory bulb did not foster leukocyte attraction. Concerning the splenic analysis, in PCD mice we found: (1) a decreased percentage of several myeloid cell subsets, and (2) a reduced mean fluorescence intensity in those myeloid markers related to both antigen presentation and functional maturity. In conclusion, the selective degeneration of Purkinje cells triggers a specific effect on peripheral immune cells, fostering both attraction and functional changes. This fact endorses the employment of peripheral immune cell populations as concrete biomarkers for monitoring different neuronal death processes. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Carlos del Pilar Carlos del Pilar Rafael Lebrón-Galán Rafael Lebrón-Galán Ester Pérez-Martín Ester Pérez-Martín Laura Pérez-Revuelta Laura Pérez-Revuelta Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza José Ramón Alonso José Ramón Alonso José Ramón Alonso Diego Clemente Diego Clemente Eduardo Weruaga Eduardo Weruaga David Díaz David Díaz |
| author_facet |
Carlos del Pilar Carlos del Pilar Rafael Lebrón-Galán Rafael Lebrón-Galán Ester Pérez-Martín Ester Pérez-Martín Laura Pérez-Revuelta Laura Pérez-Revuelta Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza José Ramón Alonso José Ramón Alonso José Ramón Alonso Diego Clemente Diego Clemente Eduardo Weruaga Eduardo Weruaga David Díaz David Díaz |
| author_sort |
Carlos del Pilar |
| title |
The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations |
| title_short |
The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations |
| title_full |
The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations |
| title_fullStr |
The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations |
| title_sort |
selective loss of purkinje cells induces specific peripheral immune alterations |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/1971fdd4f2dc4269806dea73b2b40141 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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