Impact of Anaemia and Dysregulated Iron Metabolism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcome – Review Article

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can manifest in a wide range of forms, but the most common symptoms are fever, headache, fatigue, respiratory problems, lost sense of smell and taste, sore throat, muscle pain a...

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Autores principales:	Matea Bogović, Robert Rončević, Stjepan Grga Milanković
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Faculty of Medicine Osijek 2021
Materias:	covid-19 anaemia iron metabolism sars cov-2 Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	http://dx.doi.org/10.26332/seemedj.v5i2.211 https://doaj.org/article/199a230b9af64875813f2545ae39b6e3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:199a230b9af64875813f2545ae39b6e32021-11-29T13:45:50ZImpact of Anaemia and Dysregulated Iron Metabolism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcome – Review Articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.26332/seemedj.v5i2.2112459-9484https://doaj.org/article/199a230b9af64875813f2545ae39b6e32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://seemedj.mefos.unios.hr/index.php/seemedj/article/view/211/116https://doaj.org/toc/2459-9484Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can manifest in a wide range of forms, but the most common symptoms are fever, headache, fatigue, respiratory problems, lost sense of smell and taste, sore throat, muscle pain and malaise. In patients with COVID-19, the inflammatory response of the organism affects iron homeostasis. Severe COVID-19 infections may lead to a hyperinflammatory condition, characterised by elevated ferritin levels that correlate with the severity of the clinical course, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and a fatal outcome. As a result of iron metabolism disorders in inflammation, decreased erythropoiesis and reduced biological activity of erythropoietin, the erythrocyte half-life is shortened, leading to anaemia of chronic inflammation. Cytokine IL-6 plays the most crucial role in regulating iron concentration. It affects iron metabolism by producing hepcidin via STAT 3. Hepcidin produces regulatory effects on iron by binding with ferroportin, the only known transmembrane iron exporter. Anaemia has long been characterised as a significant risk factor contributing to increased mortality and poorer clinical outcomes for various infections. The most severe forms of COVID-19 infection result in pneumonia, causing a reduced supply of oxygen to the circulation, ultimately leading to ischemia of vital organs. Anaemia of chronic disease is more common in COVID-19 positive patients and is associated with a poorer clinical outcome. A higher ferritin/transferrin ratio indicates an advanced inflammatory condition and may be a predictive factor of ICU admission.Matea BogovićRobert RončevićStjepan Grga MilankovićFaculty of Medicine Osijekarticlecovid-19anaemiairon metabolismsars cov-2MedicineRENSoutheastern European Medical Journal, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 9-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	covid-19 anaemia iron metabolism sars cov-2 Medicine R
spellingShingle	covid-19 anaemia iron metabolism sars cov-2 Medicine R Matea Bogović Robert Rončević Stjepan Grga Milanković Impact of Anaemia and Dysregulated Iron Metabolism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcome – Review Article
description	Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can manifest in a wide range of forms, but the most common symptoms are fever, headache, fatigue, respiratory problems, lost sense of smell and taste, sore throat, muscle pain and malaise. In patients with COVID-19, the inflammatory response of the organism affects iron homeostasis. Severe COVID-19 infections may lead to a hyperinflammatory condition, characterised by elevated ferritin levels that correlate with the severity of the clinical course, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and a fatal outcome. As a result of iron metabolism disorders in inflammation, decreased erythropoiesis and reduced biological activity of erythropoietin, the erythrocyte half-life is shortened, leading to anaemia of chronic inflammation. Cytokine IL-6 plays the most crucial role in regulating iron concentration. It affects iron metabolism by producing hepcidin via STAT 3. Hepcidin produces regulatory effects on iron by binding with ferroportin, the only known transmembrane iron exporter. Anaemia has long been characterised as a significant risk factor contributing to increased mortality and poorer clinical outcomes for various infections. The most severe forms of COVID-19 infection result in pneumonia, causing a reduced supply of oxygen to the circulation, ultimately leading to ischemia of vital organs. Anaemia of chronic disease is more common in COVID-19 positive patients and is associated with a poorer clinical outcome. A higher ferritin/transferrin ratio indicates an advanced inflammatory condition and may be a predictive factor of ICU admission.
format	article
author	Matea Bogović Robert Rončević Stjepan Grga Milanković
author_facet	Matea Bogović Robert Rončević Stjepan Grga Milanković
author_sort	Matea Bogović
title	Impact of Anaemia and Dysregulated Iron Metabolism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcome – Review Article
title_short	Impact of Anaemia and Dysregulated Iron Metabolism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcome – Review Article
title_full	Impact of Anaemia and Dysregulated Iron Metabolism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcome – Review Article
title_fullStr	Impact of Anaemia and Dysregulated Iron Metabolism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcome – Review Article
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of Anaemia and Dysregulated Iron Metabolism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcome – Review Article
title_sort	impact of anaemia and dysregulated iron metabolism on covid-19 clinical outcome – review article
publisher	Faculty of Medicine Osijek
publishDate	2021
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.26332/seemedj.v5i2.211 https://doaj.org/article/199a230b9af64875813f2545ae39b6e3
work_keys_str_mv	AT mateabogovic impactofanaemiaanddysregulatedironmetabolismoncovid19clinicaloutcomereviewarticle AT robertroncevic impactofanaemiaanddysregulatedironmetabolismoncovid19clinicaloutcomereviewarticle AT stjepangrgamilankovic impactofanaemiaanddysregulatedironmetabolismoncovid19clinicaloutcomereviewarticle
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Impact of Anaemia and Dysregulated Iron Metabolism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcome – Review Article

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