Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles

The gametophyte of ferns reproduces either by sexual or asexual means. In the latter, apogamy represents a peculiar case of apomixis, in which an embryo is formed from somatic cells. A proteomic and physiological approach was applied to the apogamous fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis and its sexu...

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Autores principales:	Helena Fernández, Jonas Grossmann, Valeria Gagliardini, Isabel Feito, Alejandro Rivera, Lucía Rodríguez, Luis G. Quintanilla, Víctor Quesada, Mª Jesús Cañal, Ueli Grossniklaus
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	apogamy apomixis Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis Dryopteris oreades fern gametophyte Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/19cd28fea1da409e8957235b2770534e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:19cd28fea1da409e8957235b2770534e2021-11-12T07:03:27ZSexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.718932https://doaj.org/article/19cd28fea1da409e8957235b2770534e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.718932/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XThe gametophyte of ferns reproduces either by sexual or asexual means. In the latter, apogamy represents a peculiar case of apomixis, in which an embryo is formed from somatic cells. A proteomic and physiological approach was applied to the apogamous fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis and its sexual relative D. oreades. The proteomic analysis compared apogamous vs. female gametophytes, whereas the phytohormone study included, in addition to females, three apogamous stages (filamentous, spatulate, and cordate). The proteomic profiles revealed a total of 879 proteins and, after annotation, different regulation was found in 206 proteins of D. affinis and 166 of its sexual counterpart. The proteins upregulated in D. affinis are mostly associated to protein metabolism (including folding, transport, and proteolysis), ribosome biogenesis, gene expression and translation, while in the sexual counterpart, they account largely for starch and sucrose metabolism, generation of energy and photosynthesis. Likewise, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to assess the levels of indol-3-acetic acid (IAA); the cytokinins: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), trans-Zeatine (Z), trans-Zeatin riboside (ZR), dyhidrozeatine (DHZ), dyhidrozeatin riboside (DHZR), isopentenyl adenine (iP), isopentenyl adenosine (iPR), abscisic acid (ABA), the gibberellins GA3 and GA4, salicylic acid (SA), and the brassinosteroids: brassinolide (BL) and castasterone (CS). IAA, the cytokinins Z, ZR, iPR, the gibberellin GA4, the brassinosteoids castasterone, and ABA accumulated more in the sexual gametophyte than in the apogamous one. When comparing the three apogamous stages, BA and SA peaked in filamentous, GA3 and BL in spatulate and DHRZ in cordate gametophytes. The results point to the existence of large metabolic differences between apogamous and sexual gametophytes, and invite to consider the fern gametophyte as a good experimental system to deepen our understanding of plant reproduction.Helena FernándezJonas GrossmannJonas GrossmannValeria GagliardiniIsabel FeitoAlejandro RiveraLucía RodríguezLuis G. QuintanillaVíctor QuesadaMª Jesús CañalUeli GrossniklausFrontiers Media S.A.articleapogamyapomixisDryopteris affinis ssp. affinisDryopteris oreadesferngametophytePlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	apogamy apomixis Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis Dryopteris oreades fern gametophyte Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	apogamy apomixis Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis Dryopteris oreades fern gametophyte Plant culture SB1-1110 Helena Fernández Jonas Grossmann Jonas Grossmann Valeria Gagliardini Isabel Feito Alejandro Rivera Lucía Rodríguez Luis G. Quintanilla Víctor Quesada Mª Jesús Cañal Ueli Grossniklaus Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles
description	The gametophyte of ferns reproduces either by sexual or asexual means. In the latter, apogamy represents a peculiar case of apomixis, in which an embryo is formed from somatic cells. A proteomic and physiological approach was applied to the apogamous fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis and its sexual relative D. oreades. The proteomic analysis compared apogamous vs. female gametophytes, whereas the phytohormone study included, in addition to females, three apogamous stages (filamentous, spatulate, and cordate). The proteomic profiles revealed a total of 879 proteins and, after annotation, different regulation was found in 206 proteins of D. affinis and 166 of its sexual counterpart. The proteins upregulated in D. affinis are mostly associated to protein metabolism (including folding, transport, and proteolysis), ribosome biogenesis, gene expression and translation, while in the sexual counterpart, they account largely for starch and sucrose metabolism, generation of energy and photosynthesis. Likewise, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to assess the levels of indol-3-acetic acid (IAA); the cytokinins: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), trans-Zeatine (Z), trans-Zeatin riboside (ZR), dyhidrozeatine (DHZ), dyhidrozeatin riboside (DHZR), isopentenyl adenine (iP), isopentenyl adenosine (iPR), abscisic acid (ABA), the gibberellins GA3 and GA4, salicylic acid (SA), and the brassinosteroids: brassinolide (BL) and castasterone (CS). IAA, the cytokinins Z, ZR, iPR, the gibberellin GA4, the brassinosteoids castasterone, and ABA accumulated more in the sexual gametophyte than in the apogamous one. When comparing the three apogamous stages, BA and SA peaked in filamentous, GA3 and BL in spatulate and DHRZ in cordate gametophytes. The results point to the existence of large metabolic differences between apogamous and sexual gametophytes, and invite to consider the fern gametophyte as a good experimental system to deepen our understanding of plant reproduction.
format	article
author	Helena Fernández Jonas Grossmann Jonas Grossmann Valeria Gagliardini Isabel Feito Alejandro Rivera Lucía Rodríguez Luis G. Quintanilla Víctor Quesada Mª Jesús Cañal Ueli Grossniklaus
author_facet	Helena Fernández Jonas Grossmann Jonas Grossmann Valeria Gagliardini Isabel Feito Alejandro Rivera Lucía Rodríguez Luis G. Quintanilla Víctor Quesada Mª Jesús Cañal Ueli Grossniklaus
author_sort	Helena Fernández
title	Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles
title_short	Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles
title_full	Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles
title_fullStr	Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles
title_full_unstemmed	Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles
title_sort	sexual and apogamous species of woodferns show different protein and phytohormone profiles
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/19cd28fea1da409e8957235b2770534e
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Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles

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