Prior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.

<h4>Background</h4>Vibrotactile discrimination tasks have been used to examine decision making processes in the presence of perceptual uncertainty, induced by barely discernible frequency differences between paired stimuli or by the presence of embedded noise. One lesser known property o...

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Autores principales:	Muhsin Karim, Justin A Harris, John W Morley, Michael Breakspear
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/19ddee668c964242a6f33d4ca426bd8b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:19ddee668c964242a6f33d4ca426bd8b2021-11-18T07:17:01ZPrior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0037580https://doaj.org/article/19ddee668c964242a6f33d4ca426bd8b2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22701521/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Vibrotactile discrimination tasks have been used to examine decision making processes in the presence of perceptual uncertainty, induced by barely discernible frequency differences between paired stimuli or by the presence of embedded noise. One lesser known property of such tasks is that decisions made on a single trial may be biased by information from prior trials. An example is the time-order effect whereby the presentation order of paired stimuli may introduce differences in accuracy. Subjects perform better when the first stimulus lies between the second stimulus and the global mean of all stimuli on the judged dimension ("preferred" time-orders) compared to the alternative presentation order ("nonpreferred" time-orders). This has been conceptualised as a "drift" of the first stimulus representation towards the global mean of the stimulus-set (an internal standard). We describe the influence of prior information in relation to the more traditionally studied factors of interest in a classic discrimination task.<h4>Methodology</h4>Sixty subjects performed a vibrotactile discrimination task with different levels of uncertainty parametrically induced by increasing task difficulty, aperiodic stimulus noise, and changing the task instructions whilst maintaining identical stimulus properties (the "context").<h4>Principal findings</h4>The time-order effect had a greater influence on task performance than two of the explicit factors-task difficulty and noise-but not context. The influence of prior information increased with the distance of the first stimulus from the global mean, suggesting that the "drift" velocity of the first stimulus towards the global mean representation was greater for these trials.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Awareness of the time-order effect and prior information in general is essential when studying perceptual decision making tasks. Implicit mechanisms may have a greater influence than the explicit factors under study. It also affords valuable insights into basic mechanisms of information accumulation, storage, sensory weighting, and processing in neural circuits.Muhsin KarimJustin A HarrisJohn W MorleyMichael BreakspearPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e37580 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Muhsin Karim Justin A Harris John W Morley Michael Breakspear Prior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Vibrotactile discrimination tasks have been used to examine decision making processes in the presence of perceptual uncertainty, induced by barely discernible frequency differences between paired stimuli or by the presence of embedded noise. One lesser known property of such tasks is that decisions made on a single trial may be biased by information from prior trials. An example is the time-order effect whereby the presentation order of paired stimuli may introduce differences in accuracy. Subjects perform better when the first stimulus lies between the second stimulus and the global mean of all stimuli on the judged dimension ("preferred" time-orders) compared to the alternative presentation order ("nonpreferred" time-orders). This has been conceptualised as a "drift" of the first stimulus representation towards the global mean of the stimulus-set (an internal standard). We describe the influence of prior information in relation to the more traditionally studied factors of interest in a classic discrimination task.<h4>Methodology</h4>Sixty subjects performed a vibrotactile discrimination task with different levels of uncertainty parametrically induced by increasing task difficulty, aperiodic stimulus noise, and changing the task instructions whilst maintaining identical stimulus properties (the "context").<h4>Principal findings</h4>The time-order effect had a greater influence on task performance than two of the explicit factors-task difficulty and noise-but not context. The influence of prior information increased with the distance of the first stimulus from the global mean, suggesting that the "drift" velocity of the first stimulus towards the global mean representation was greater for these trials.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Awareness of the time-order effect and prior information in general is essential when studying perceptual decision making tasks. Implicit mechanisms may have a greater influence than the explicit factors under study. It also affords valuable insights into basic mechanisms of information accumulation, storage, sensory weighting, and processing in neural circuits.
format	article
author	Muhsin Karim Justin A Harris John W Morley Michael Breakspear
author_facet	Muhsin Karim Justin A Harris John W Morley Michael Breakspear
author_sort	Muhsin Karim
title	Prior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.
title_short	Prior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.
title_full	Prior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.
title_fullStr	Prior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.
title_full_unstemmed	Prior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.
title_sort	prior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/19ddee668c964242a6f33d4ca426bd8b
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Prior and present evidence: how prior experience interacts with present information in a perceptual decision making task.

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