Brain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in Mollusca

Abstract The ‘brain regionalization genes’ Six3/6, Otx, Pax2/5/8, Gbx, and Hox1 are expressed in a similar fashion in the deuterostome, ecdysozoan, and the cephalopod brain, questioning whether this holds also true for the remaining Mollusca. We investigated developmental Gbx-expression in represent...

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Autores principales:	Tim Wollesen, Maik Scherholz, Sonia Victoria Rodríguez Monje, Emanuel Redl, Christiane Todt, Andreas Wanninger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/19eaa379beb24032941ee0f8b574d9a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:19eaa379beb24032941ee0f8b574d9a42021-12-02T12:31:59ZBrain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in Mollusca10.1038/s41598-017-05605-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/19eaa379beb24032941ee0f8b574d9a42017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05605-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The ‘brain regionalization genes’ Six3/6, Otx, Pax2/5/8, Gbx, and Hox1 are expressed in a similar fashion in the deuterostome, ecdysozoan, and the cephalopod brain, questioning whether this holds also true for the remaining Mollusca. We investigated developmental Gbx-expression in representatives of both molluscan sister groups, the Aculifera and Conchifera. Gbx is expressed in the posterior central nervous system of an aculiferan polyplacophoran and solenogaster but not in a conchiferan bivalve suggesting that Gbx, together with Six3/6, Otx, Pax2/5/8, and Hox1, is involved in central nervous system regionalization as reported for other bilaterians. Gbx is, however, also expressed in the anterior central nervous system, i.e. the anlagen of the cerebral ganglia, in the solenogaster, a condition not reported for any other bilaterian so far. Strikingly, all Gbx-orthologs and the other ‘posterior brain regionalization genes’ such as Pax2/5/8 and Hox1 are expressed in the mantle that secretes shell(s) and spicules of mollusks (except cephalopods). In bivalves, the ancestral condition has even been lost, with Gbx and Pax2/5/8 not being expressed in the developing central nervous system anymore. This suggests an additional role in the formation of the molluscan shell field(s) and spicule-bearing cells, key features of mollusks.Tim WollesenMaik ScherholzSonia Victoria Rodríguez MonjeEmanuel RedlChristiane TodtAndreas WanningerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tim Wollesen Maik Scherholz Sonia Victoria Rodríguez Monje Emanuel Redl Christiane Todt Andreas Wanninger Brain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in Mollusca
description	Abstract The ‘brain regionalization genes’ Six3/6, Otx, Pax2/5/8, Gbx, and Hox1 are expressed in a similar fashion in the deuterostome, ecdysozoan, and the cephalopod brain, questioning whether this holds also true for the remaining Mollusca. We investigated developmental Gbx-expression in representatives of both molluscan sister groups, the Aculifera and Conchifera. Gbx is expressed in the posterior central nervous system of an aculiferan polyplacophoran and solenogaster but not in a conchiferan bivalve suggesting that Gbx, together with Six3/6, Otx, Pax2/5/8, and Hox1, is involved in central nervous system regionalization as reported for other bilaterians. Gbx is, however, also expressed in the anterior central nervous system, i.e. the anlagen of the cerebral ganglia, in the solenogaster, a condition not reported for any other bilaterian so far. Strikingly, all Gbx-orthologs and the other ‘posterior brain regionalization genes’ such as Pax2/5/8 and Hox1 are expressed in the mantle that secretes shell(s) and spicules of mollusks (except cephalopods). In bivalves, the ancestral condition has even been lost, with Gbx and Pax2/5/8 not being expressed in the developing central nervous system anymore. This suggests an additional role in the formation of the molluscan shell field(s) and spicule-bearing cells, key features of mollusks.
format	article
author	Tim Wollesen Maik Scherholz Sonia Victoria Rodríguez Monje Emanuel Redl Christiane Todt Andreas Wanninger
author_facet	Tim Wollesen Maik Scherholz Sonia Victoria Rodríguez Monje Emanuel Redl Christiane Todt Andreas Wanninger
author_sort	Tim Wollesen
title	Brain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in Mollusca
title_short	Brain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in Mollusca
title_full	Brain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in Mollusca
title_fullStr	Brain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in Mollusca
title_full_unstemmed	Brain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in Mollusca
title_sort	brain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in mollusca
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/19eaa379beb24032941ee0f8b574d9a4
work_keys_str_mv	AT timwollesen brainregionalizationgenesarecooptedintoshellfieldpatterninginmollusca AT maikscherholz brainregionalizationgenesarecooptedintoshellfieldpatterninginmollusca AT soniavictoriarodriguezmonje brainregionalizationgenesarecooptedintoshellfieldpatterninginmollusca AT emanuelredl brainregionalizationgenesarecooptedintoshellfieldpatterninginmollusca AT christianetodt brainregionalizationgenesarecooptedintoshellfieldpatterninginmollusca AT andreaswanninger brainregionalizationgenesarecooptedintoshellfieldpatterninginmollusca
_version_	1718394203751317504

Brain regionalization genes are co-opted into shell field patterning in Mollusca

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