Humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.

<h4>Background</h4>On Earth only a few legged species, such as water strider insects, some aquatic birds and lizards, can run on water. For most other species, including humans, this is precluded by body size and proportions, lack of appropriate appendages, and limited muscle power. Howe...

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Autores principales:	Alberto E Minetti, Yuri P Ivanenko, Germana Cappellini, Nadia Dominici, Francesco Lacquaniti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/19ffe373f4c84fdf97355a92635cf7b3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:19ffe373f4c84fdf97355a92635cf7b32021-11-18T07:12:07ZHumans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0037300https://doaj.org/article/19ffe373f4c84fdf97355a92635cf7b32012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22815681/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>On Earth only a few legged species, such as water strider insects, some aquatic birds and lizards, can run on water. For most other species, including humans, this is precluded by body size and proportions, lack of appropriate appendages, and limited muscle power. However, if gravity is reduced to less than Earth's gravity, running on water should require less muscle power. Here we use a hydrodynamic model to predict the gravity levels at which humans should be able to run on water. We test these predictions in the laboratory using a reduced gravity simulator.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We adapted a model equation, previously used by Glasheen and McMahon to explain the dynamics of Basilisk lizard, to predict the body mass, stride frequency and gravity necessary for a person to run on water. Progressive body-weight unloading of a person running in place on a wading pool confirmed the theoretical predictions that a person could run on water, at lunar (or lower) gravity levels using relatively small rigid fins. Three-dimensional motion capture of reflective markers on major joint centers showed that humans, similarly to the Basilisk Lizard and to the Western Grebe, keep the head-trunk segment at a nearly constant height, despite the high stride frequency and the intensive locomotor effort. Trunk stabilization at a nearly constant height differentiates running on water from other, more usual human gaits.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The results showed that a hydrodynamic model of lizards running on water can also be applied to humans, despite the enormous difference in body size and morphology.Alberto E MinettiYuri P IvanenkoGermana CappelliniNadia DominiciFrancesco LacquanitiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e37300 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alberto E Minetti Yuri P Ivanenko Germana Cappellini Nadia Dominici Francesco Lacquaniti Humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.
description	<h4>Background</h4>On Earth only a few legged species, such as water strider insects, some aquatic birds and lizards, can run on water. For most other species, including humans, this is precluded by body size and proportions, lack of appropriate appendages, and limited muscle power. However, if gravity is reduced to less than Earth's gravity, running on water should require less muscle power. Here we use a hydrodynamic model to predict the gravity levels at which humans should be able to run on water. We test these predictions in the laboratory using a reduced gravity simulator.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We adapted a model equation, previously used by Glasheen and McMahon to explain the dynamics of Basilisk lizard, to predict the body mass, stride frequency and gravity necessary for a person to run on water. Progressive body-weight unloading of a person running in place on a wading pool confirmed the theoretical predictions that a person could run on water, at lunar (or lower) gravity levels using relatively small rigid fins. Three-dimensional motion capture of reflective markers on major joint centers showed that humans, similarly to the Basilisk Lizard and to the Western Grebe, keep the head-trunk segment at a nearly constant height, despite the high stride frequency and the intensive locomotor effort. Trunk stabilization at a nearly constant height differentiates running on water from other, more usual human gaits.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The results showed that a hydrodynamic model of lizards running on water can also be applied to humans, despite the enormous difference in body size and morphology.
format	article
author	Alberto E Minetti Yuri P Ivanenko Germana Cappellini Nadia Dominici Francesco Lacquaniti
author_facet	Alberto E Minetti Yuri P Ivanenko Germana Cappellini Nadia Dominici Francesco Lacquaniti
author_sort	Alberto E Minetti
title	Humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.
title_short	Humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.
title_full	Humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.
title_fullStr	Humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.
title_full_unstemmed	Humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.
title_sort	humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/19ffe373f4c84fdf97355a92635cf7b3
work_keys_str_mv	AT albertoeminetti humansrunninginplaceonwateratsimulatedreducedgravity AT yuripivanenko humansrunninginplaceonwateratsimulatedreducedgravity AT germanacappellini humansrunninginplaceonwateratsimulatedreducedgravity AT nadiadominici humansrunninginplaceonwateratsimulatedreducedgravity AT francescolacquaniti humansrunninginplaceonwateratsimulatedreducedgravity
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Humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity.

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