Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices

Abstract By the fabrication of periodically arranged nanomagnetic systems it is possible to engineer novel physical properties by realizing artificial lattice geometries that are not accessible via natural crystallization or chemical synthesis. This has been accomplished with great success in two di...

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Autores principales:	Lukas Keller, Mohanad K. I. Al Mamoori, Jonathan Pieper, Christian Gspan, Irina Stockem, Christian Schröder, Sven Barth, Robert Winkler, Harald Plank, Merlin Pohlit, Jens Müller, Michael Huth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1a1dcb0f1c884140a6028c41223d9b9d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1a1dcb0f1c884140a6028c41223d9b9d2021-12-02T15:07:52ZDirect-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1a1dcb0f1c884140a6028c41223d9b9d2018-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24431-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract By the fabrication of periodically arranged nanomagnetic systems it is possible to engineer novel physical properties by realizing artificial lattice geometries that are not accessible via natural crystallization or chemical synthesis. This has been accomplished with great success in two dimensions in the fields of artificial spin ice and magnetic logic devices, to name just two. Although first proposals have been made to advance into three dimensions (3D), established nanofabrication pathways based on electron beam lithography have not been adapted to obtain free-form 3D nanostructures. Here we demonstrate the direct-write fabrication of freestanding ferromagnetic 3D nano-architectures. By employing micro-Hall sensing, we have determined the magnetic stray field generated by our free-form structures in an externally applied magnetic field and we have performed micromagnetic and macro-spin simulations to deduce the spatial magnetization profiles in the structures and analyze their switching behavior. Furthermore we show that the magnetic 3D elements can be combined with other 3D elements of different chemical composition and intrinsic material properties.Lukas KellerMohanad K. I. Al MamooriJonathan PieperChristian GspanIrina StockemChristian SchröderSven BarthRobert WinklerHarald PlankMerlin PohlitJens MüllerMichael HuthNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lukas Keller Mohanad K. I. Al Mamoori Jonathan Pieper Christian Gspan Irina Stockem Christian Schröder Sven Barth Robert Winkler Harald Plank Merlin Pohlit Jens Müller Michael Huth Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices
description	Abstract By the fabrication of periodically arranged nanomagnetic systems it is possible to engineer novel physical properties by realizing artificial lattice geometries that are not accessible via natural crystallization or chemical synthesis. This has been accomplished with great success in two dimensions in the fields of artificial spin ice and magnetic logic devices, to name just two. Although first proposals have been made to advance into three dimensions (3D), established nanofabrication pathways based on electron beam lithography have not been adapted to obtain free-form 3D nanostructures. Here we demonstrate the direct-write fabrication of freestanding ferromagnetic 3D nano-architectures. By employing micro-Hall sensing, we have determined the magnetic stray field generated by our free-form structures in an externally applied magnetic field and we have performed micromagnetic and macro-spin simulations to deduce the spatial magnetization profiles in the structures and analyze their switching behavior. Furthermore we show that the magnetic 3D elements can be combined with other 3D elements of different chemical composition and intrinsic material properties.
format	article
author	Lukas Keller Mohanad K. I. Al Mamoori Jonathan Pieper Christian Gspan Irina Stockem Christian Schröder Sven Barth Robert Winkler Harald Plank Merlin Pohlit Jens Müller Michael Huth
author_facet	Lukas Keller Mohanad K. I. Al Mamoori Jonathan Pieper Christian Gspan Irina Stockem Christian Schröder Sven Barth Robert Winkler Harald Plank Merlin Pohlit Jens Müller Michael Huth
author_sort	Lukas Keller
title	Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices
title_short	Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices
title_full	Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices
title_fullStr	Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices
title_full_unstemmed	Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices
title_sort	direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3d lattices
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/1a1dcb0f1c884140a6028c41223d9b9d
work_keys_str_mv	AT lukaskeller directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT mohanadkialmamoori directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT jonathanpieper directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT christiangspan directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT irinastockem directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT christianschroder directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT svenbarth directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT robertwinkler directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT haraldplank directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT merlinpohlit directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT jensmuller directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices AT michaelhuth directwriteoffreeformbuildingblocksforartificialmagnetic3dlattices
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Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices

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