Artificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory

The authors present a series of complementary test methods which were developed and used to investigate reactions between high aluminium steel and silica rich inclusions. Non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) cause many defects in the final steel product, therefore the ability to track their size, morpholo...

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Autores principales:	A. Raviraj, S. Spooner, J. Li, N. Kourra, J. Warnett, G. Abbel, W. Tiekink, M. A. Williams, C. Davis, S. Sridhar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	inclusion high aluminium steel reaction kinetics continuous casting spontaneous emulsification Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1a3bf0bbd9da43f3b5dadb50d4fc001f
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:1a3bf0bbd9da43f3b5dadb50d4fc001f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1a3bf0bbd9da43f3b5dadb50d4fc001f2021-11-10T07:42:57ZArtificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory2296-801610.3389/fmats.2021.754284https://doaj.org/article/1a3bf0bbd9da43f3b5dadb50d4fc001f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2021.754284/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-8016The authors present a series of complementary test methods which were developed and used to investigate reactions between high aluminium steel and silica rich inclusions. Non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) cause many defects in the final steel product, therefore the ability to track their size, morphology and composition and correlate this with fundamental reaction kinetics provides important knowledge to support the production of clean quality steel products. Novel steel grades such as TRIP, TWIP and low-density steels have high aluminium contents; aluminium is a readily oxidisable species presenting the potential for instability and excessive reaction with commonly used mould powders that contain silica. A novel combination of techniques including HT-CLSM (High-Temperature Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope), XCT (X-ray computed tomography) and SEM/EDS (scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive spectroscopy) have been used to study the interaction of entrained mould powder inclusions with steel at high temperatures simulating industrial conditions. This report presents a discussion on the development of techniques and samples to achieve representative and repeatable results that can provide information on the complex chemical and physical interaction phenomena with confidence. Each experimental technique had its own learning points and consequent results. Outcomes presented include possible confirmation of the chemical reaction rate controlling step being aluminium mass transfer; heterogeneous local environmental conditions including fluidity and chemical composition; and occurrence of spontaneous emulsification where the mould powder inclusion breaks apart into a cloud of smaller fragments.A. RavirajS. SpoonerJ. LiN. KourraJ. WarnettG. AbbelW. TiekinkM. A. WilliamsC. DavisS. SridharFrontiers Media S.A.articleinclusionhigh aluminium steelreaction kineticscontinuous castingspontaneous emulsificationTechnologyTENFrontiers in Materials, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	inclusion high aluminium steel reaction kinetics continuous casting spontaneous emulsification Technology T
spellingShingle	inclusion high aluminium steel reaction kinetics continuous casting spontaneous emulsification Technology T A. Raviraj S. Spooner J. Li N. Kourra J. Warnett G. Abbel W. Tiekink M. A. Williams C. Davis S. Sridhar Artificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory
description	The authors present a series of complementary test methods which were developed and used to investigate reactions between high aluminium steel and silica rich inclusions. Non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) cause many defects in the final steel product, therefore the ability to track their size, morphology and composition and correlate this with fundamental reaction kinetics provides important knowledge to support the production of clean quality steel products. Novel steel grades such as TRIP, TWIP and low-density steels have high aluminium contents; aluminium is a readily oxidisable species presenting the potential for instability and excessive reaction with commonly used mould powders that contain silica. A novel combination of techniques including HT-CLSM (High-Temperature Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope), XCT (X-ray computed tomography) and SEM/EDS (scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive spectroscopy) have been used to study the interaction of entrained mould powder inclusions with steel at high temperatures simulating industrial conditions. This report presents a discussion on the development of techniques and samples to achieve representative and repeatable results that can provide information on the complex chemical and physical interaction phenomena with confidence. Each experimental technique had its own learning points and consequent results. Outcomes presented include possible confirmation of the chemical reaction rate controlling step being aluminium mass transfer; heterogeneous local environmental conditions including fluidity and chemical composition; and occurrence of spontaneous emulsification where the mould powder inclusion breaks apart into a cloud of smaller fragments.
format	article
author	A. Raviraj S. Spooner J. Li N. Kourra J. Warnett G. Abbel W. Tiekink M. A. Williams C. Davis S. Sridhar
author_facet	A. Raviraj S. Spooner J. Li N. Kourra J. Warnett G. Abbel W. Tiekink M. A. Williams C. Davis S. Sridhar
author_sort	A. Raviraj
title	Artificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory
title_short	Artificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory
title_full	Artificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory
title_fullStr	Artificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory
title_full_unstemmed	Artificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory
title_sort	artificial inclusion environments—replicating industry in the laboratory
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1a3bf0bbd9da43f3b5dadb50d4fc001f
work_keys_str_mv	AT araviraj artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory AT sspooner artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory AT jli artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory AT nkourra artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory AT jwarnett artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory AT gabbel artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory AT wtiekink artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory AT mawilliams artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory AT cdavis artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory AT ssridhar artificialinclusionenvironmentsreplicatingindustryinthelaboratory
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Artificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory

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