Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina

Carlos Espul,1 Laura Benedetti,2 H&eacute;ctor Cuello,3 Guy Houillon,4 Anvar Rasuli41Programa de Lucha Contra las Hepatitis Virales, Ministerio de Salud/Hospital Central de Mendoza, 2Programa Provincial de Inmunizaciones, Ministerio de Salud, 3Laboratorio de Virolog&iacute;a, Hospita...

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Autores principales:	Espul C, Benedetti L, Cuello H, Houillon G, Rasuli A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1a76f9572f7543fb847589a45598864c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1a76f9572f7543fb847589a45598864c2021-12-02T11:44:55ZPersistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina1179-1535https://doaj.org/article/1a76f9572f7543fb847589a45598864c2012-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/persistence-of-immunity-from-1-year-of-age-after-one-or-two-doses-of-h-a10840https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1535Carlos Espul,1 Laura Benedetti,2 H&eacute;ctor Cuello,3 Guy Houillon,4 Anvar Rasuli41Programa de Lucha Contra las Hepatitis Virales, Ministerio de Salud/Hospital Central de Mendoza, 2Programa Provincial de Inmunizaciones, Ministerio de Salud, 3Laboratorio de Virolog&iacute;a, Hospital Central de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina; 4Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, FranceBackground: This study was done to determine the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine in children, providing needed clinical data on the flexibility of booster administration.Methods: Participants had received one dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Avaxim&trade; 80 U Pediatric) at 12&ndash;23 months of age or two doses of the same vaccine at 12 and 18 months of age prior to enrolment. Anti-hepatitis A antibody concentrations were measured at the first, second, and third year after vaccination. Suspected cases of hepatitis A in participant families were assessed and family socioeconomic data were collected.Results: A series of 546 participants were enrolled. Of 467 (85.5%) participants completing 3 years of follow-up, 365 had received a single vaccine dose and 94 had received two vaccine doses. Seropositivity (anti-HAV &ge; 10 mIU/mL) at 3 years was 99.7% after one dose and 100% after two doses. At one year, geometric mean concentrations were higher after two doses (1433.9 mIU/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1108&ndash;1855) than one (209.7 mIU/mL, 95% CI 190.6&ndash;230.6). Geometric mean concentrations decreased in both groups during the study, but remained well above 10 mIU/mL through the third year. The geometric mean of 3-year to one-year anti-hepatitis A concentration ratios was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70&ndash;0.79) following one dose and 0.57 (95% CI 0.47&ndash;0.70) following two doses. The greatest decrease in geometric mean concentrations occurred during the third year, ie, 21.2% in the one-dose group and 40.8% in the two-dose group. Six participants became seronegative during follow-up and responded strongly to a booster dose. Anti-hepatitis A concentrations increased in 135 children (34.9%) in the second year and 50 (13.7%) in the third year; none lived in a family with a case of hepatitis A. Three confirmed cases of hepatitis A occurred in family members. Participants belonged to a middle-income, urban/suburban population with good sanitation facilities and water supplies.Conclusion: A single dose of hepatitis A vaccine at 12&ndash;23 months of age resulted in hepatitis A seropositivity in all but one vaccinee after 3 years. Increased anti-hepatitis A serum concentrations suggested exposure to wild-type hepatitis A virus in this middle-class socioeconomic environment. Continuing surveillance is required to confirm the effectiveness of a single-dose hepatitis A vaccination; however, the results of the first three years are encouraging.Keywords: hepatitis A vaccine, single dose, antibody persistence, immunization programsEspul CBenedetti LCuello HHouillon GRasuli ADove Medical PressarticleDiseases of the digestive system. GastroenterologyRC799-869ENHepatic Medicine: Evidence and Research, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 53-60 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869
spellingShingle	Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869 Espul C Benedetti L Cuello H Houillon G Rasuli A Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina
description	Carlos Espul,1 Laura Benedetti,2 H&eacute;ctor Cuello,3 Guy Houillon,4 Anvar Rasuli41Programa de Lucha Contra las Hepatitis Virales, Ministerio de Salud/Hospital Central de Mendoza, 2Programa Provincial de Inmunizaciones, Ministerio de Salud, 3Laboratorio de Virolog&iacute;a, Hospital Central de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina; 4Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, FranceBackground: This study was done to determine the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine in children, providing needed clinical data on the flexibility of booster administration.Methods: Participants had received one dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Avaxim&trade; 80 U Pediatric) at 12&ndash;23 months of age or two doses of the same vaccine at 12 and 18 months of age prior to enrolment. Anti-hepatitis A antibody concentrations were measured at the first, second, and third year after vaccination. Suspected cases of hepatitis A in participant families were assessed and family socioeconomic data were collected.Results: A series of 546 participants were enrolled. Of 467 (85.5%) participants completing 3 years of follow-up, 365 had received a single vaccine dose and 94 had received two vaccine doses. Seropositivity (anti-HAV &ge; 10 mIU/mL) at 3 years was 99.7% after one dose and 100% after two doses. At one year, geometric mean concentrations were higher after two doses (1433.9 mIU/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1108&ndash;1855) than one (209.7 mIU/mL, 95% CI 190.6&ndash;230.6). Geometric mean concentrations decreased in both groups during the study, but remained well above 10 mIU/mL through the third year. The geometric mean of 3-year to one-year anti-hepatitis A concentration ratios was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70&ndash;0.79) following one dose and 0.57 (95% CI 0.47&ndash;0.70) following two doses. The greatest decrease in geometric mean concentrations occurred during the third year, ie, 21.2% in the one-dose group and 40.8% in the two-dose group. Six participants became seronegative during follow-up and responded strongly to a booster dose. Anti-hepatitis A concentrations increased in 135 children (34.9%) in the second year and 50 (13.7%) in the third year; none lived in a family with a case of hepatitis A. Three confirmed cases of hepatitis A occurred in family members. Participants belonged to a middle-income, urban/suburban population with good sanitation facilities and water supplies.Conclusion: A single dose of hepatitis A vaccine at 12&ndash;23 months of age resulted in hepatitis A seropositivity in all but one vaccinee after 3 years. Increased anti-hepatitis A serum concentrations suggested exposure to wild-type hepatitis A virus in this middle-class socioeconomic environment. Continuing surveillance is required to confirm the effectiveness of a single-dose hepatitis A vaccination; however, the results of the first three years are encouraging.Keywords: hepatitis A vaccine, single dose, antibody persistence, immunization programs
format	article
author	Espul C Benedetti L Cuello H Houillon G Rasuli A
author_facet	Espul C Benedetti L Cuello H Houillon G Rasuli A
author_sort	Espul C
title	Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina
title_short	Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina
title_full	Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina
title_fullStr	Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina
title_full_unstemmed	Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina
title_sort	persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis a vaccine given to children in argentina
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/1a76f9572f7543fb847589a45598864c
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Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina

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