Interactions between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the Developing Infant Gut

ABSTRACT Interactions between the gut microbiome and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the gut during infancy are important for future health. IgM and IgG are also present in the gut; however, their interactions with the microbiome in the developing infant remain to be characterized. Using stool samples sam...

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Autores principales:	Anders Janzon, Julia K. Goodrich, Omry Koren, Jillian L. Waters, Ruth E. Ley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	gut microbiome infant diabetes immunoglobulins IgA IgM Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1a9f3623fea34a5695f65950d40dd9f1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1a9f3623fea34a5695f65950d40dd9f12021-12-02T19:46:17ZInteractions between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the Developing Infant Gut10.1128/mSystems.00612-192379-5077https://doaj.org/article/1a9f3623fea34a5695f65950d40dd9f12019-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00612-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Interactions between the gut microbiome and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the gut during infancy are important for future health. IgM and IgG are also present in the gut; however, their interactions with the microbiome in the developing infant remain to be characterized. Using stool samples sampled 15 times in infancy from 32 healthy subjects at 4 locations in 3 countries, we characterized patterns of microbiome development in relation to fecal levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM. For 8 infants from a single location, we used fluorescence-activated cell sorting of microbial cells from stool by Ig-coating status over 18 months. We used 16S rRNA gene profiling on full and sorted microbiomes to assess patterns of antibody coating in relation to age and other factors. All antibodies decreased in concentration with age but were augmented by breastmilk feeding regardless of infant age. Levels of IgA correlated with relative abundances of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the Bifidobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, which dominated the early microbiome, and IgG levels correlated with Haemophilus. The diversity of Ig-coated microbiota was influenced by breastfeeding and age. IgA and IgM coated the same microbiota, which reflected the overall diversity of the microbiome, while IgG targeted a different subset. Blautia generally evaded antibody coating, while members of the Bifidobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were high in IgA/M. IgA/M displayed similar dynamics, generally coating the microbiome proportionally, and were influenced by breastfeeding status. IgG only coated a small fraction of the commensal microbiota and differed from the proportion targeted by IgA and IgM. IMPORTANCE Antibodies are secreted into the gut and attach to roughly half of the trillions of bacterial cells present. When babies are born, the breastmilk supplies these antibodies until the baby’s own immune system takes over this task after a few weeks. The vast majority of these antibodies are IgA, but two other types, IgG and IgM, are also present in the gut. Here, we ask if these three different antibody types target different types of bacteria in the infant gut as the infant develops from birth to 18 months old and how patterns of antibody coating of bacteria change with age. In this study of healthy infant samples over time, we found that IgA and IgM coat the same bacteria, which are generally representative of the diversity present, with a few exceptions that were more or less antibody coated than expected. IgG coated a separate suite of bacteria. These results provide a better understanding of how these antibodies interact with the developing infant gut microbiome.Anders JanzonJulia K. GoodrichOmry KorenJillian L. WatersRuth E. LeyAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlegut microbiomeinfantdiabetesimmunoglobulinsIgAIgMMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 4, Iss 6 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	gut microbiome infant diabetes immunoglobulins IgA IgM Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	gut microbiome infant diabetes immunoglobulins IgA IgM Microbiology QR1-502 Anders Janzon Julia K. Goodrich Omry Koren Jillian L. Waters Ruth E. Ley Interactions between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the Developing Infant Gut
description	ABSTRACT Interactions between the gut microbiome and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the gut during infancy are important for future health. IgM and IgG are also present in the gut; however, their interactions with the microbiome in the developing infant remain to be characterized. Using stool samples sampled 15 times in infancy from 32 healthy subjects at 4 locations in 3 countries, we characterized patterns of microbiome development in relation to fecal levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM. For 8 infants from a single location, we used fluorescence-activated cell sorting of microbial cells from stool by Ig-coating status over 18 months. We used 16S rRNA gene profiling on full and sorted microbiomes to assess patterns of antibody coating in relation to age and other factors. All antibodies decreased in concentration with age but were augmented by breastmilk feeding regardless of infant age. Levels of IgA correlated with relative abundances of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the Bifidobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, which dominated the early microbiome, and IgG levels correlated with Haemophilus. The diversity of Ig-coated microbiota was influenced by breastfeeding and age. IgA and IgM coated the same microbiota, which reflected the overall diversity of the microbiome, while IgG targeted a different subset. Blautia generally evaded antibody coating, while members of the Bifidobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were high in IgA/M. IgA/M displayed similar dynamics, generally coating the microbiome proportionally, and were influenced by breastfeeding status. IgG only coated a small fraction of the commensal microbiota and differed from the proportion targeted by IgA and IgM. IMPORTANCE Antibodies are secreted into the gut and attach to roughly half of the trillions of bacterial cells present. When babies are born, the breastmilk supplies these antibodies until the baby’s own immune system takes over this task after a few weeks. The vast majority of these antibodies are IgA, but two other types, IgG and IgM, are also present in the gut. Here, we ask if these three different antibody types target different types of bacteria in the infant gut as the infant develops from birth to 18 months old and how patterns of antibody coating of bacteria change with age. In this study of healthy infant samples over time, we found that IgA and IgM coat the same bacteria, which are generally representative of the diversity present, with a few exceptions that were more or less antibody coated than expected. IgG coated a separate suite of bacteria. These results provide a better understanding of how these antibodies interact with the developing infant gut microbiome.
format	article
author	Anders Janzon Julia K. Goodrich Omry Koren Jillian L. Waters Ruth E. Ley
author_facet	Anders Janzon Julia K. Goodrich Omry Koren Jillian L. Waters Ruth E. Ley
author_sort	Anders Janzon
title	Interactions between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the Developing Infant Gut
title_short	Interactions between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the Developing Infant Gut
title_full	Interactions between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the Developing Infant Gut
title_fullStr	Interactions between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the Developing Infant Gut
title_full_unstemmed	Interactions between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the Developing Infant Gut
title_sort	interactions between the gut microbiome and mucosal immunoglobulins a, m, and g in the developing infant gut
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/1a9f3623fea34a5695f65950d40dd9f1
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Interactions between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the Developing Infant Gut

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