Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task

Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) refers to a phenomenon whereby a classically conditioned stimulus (CS) impacts the motivational salience of instrumental behavior. We examined behavioral response patterns and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based effective connectivity during an...

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Autores principales:	Daniel J. Petrie, Sy-Miin Chow, Charles F. Geier
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer negative reinforcement striatum effective connectivity Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ab73f71a7d747cda848b6bb62e3c37e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ab73f71a7d747cda848b6bb62e3c37e2021-11-25T16:58:00ZEffective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task10.3390/brainsci111114722076-3425https://doaj.org/article/1ab73f71a7d747cda848b6bb62e3c37e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1472https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) refers to a phenomenon whereby a classically conditioned stimulus (CS) impacts the motivational salience of instrumental behavior. We examined behavioral response patterns and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based effective connectivity during an avoidance-based PIT task. Eleven participants (8 females; <i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 28.2, <i>SD</i> = 2.8, <i>range</i> = 25–32 years) completed the task. Effective connectivity between a priori brain regions engaged during the task was determined using hemodynamic response function group iterative multiple model estimation (HRF-GIMME). Participants exhibited behavior that was suggestive of specific PIT, a CS previously associated with a reinforcing outcome increased instrumental responding directed at the same outcome. We did not find evidence for general PIT; a CS did not significantly increase instrumental responding towards a different but related outcome. Using HRF-GIMME, we recovered effective connectivity maps among corticostriatal circuits engaged during the task. Group-level paths revealed directional effects from left putamen to right insula and from right putamen to right cingulate. Importantly, a direct effect of specific PIT stimuli on blood–oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the left putamen was found. Results provide initial evidence of effective connectivity in key brain regions in an avoidance-based PIT task network. This study adds to the literature studying PIT effects in humans and employing GIMME models to understand how psychological phenomena are supported in the brain.Daniel J. PetrieSy-Miin ChowCharles F. GeierMDPI AGarticlepavlovian-to-instrumental transfernegative reinforcementstriatumeffective connectivityNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1472, p 1472 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer negative reinforcement striatum effective connectivity Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer negative reinforcement striatum effective connectivity Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Daniel J. Petrie Sy-Miin Chow Charles F. Geier Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task
description	Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) refers to a phenomenon whereby a classically conditioned stimulus (CS) impacts the motivational salience of instrumental behavior. We examined behavioral response patterns and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based effective connectivity during an avoidance-based PIT task. Eleven participants (8 females; <i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 28.2, <i>SD</i> = 2.8, <i>range</i> = 25–32 years) completed the task. Effective connectivity between a priori brain regions engaged during the task was determined using hemodynamic response function group iterative multiple model estimation (HRF-GIMME). Participants exhibited behavior that was suggestive of specific PIT, a CS previously associated with a reinforcing outcome increased instrumental responding directed at the same outcome. We did not find evidence for general PIT; a CS did not significantly increase instrumental responding towards a different but related outcome. Using HRF-GIMME, we recovered effective connectivity maps among corticostriatal circuits engaged during the task. Group-level paths revealed directional effects from left putamen to right insula and from right putamen to right cingulate. Importantly, a direct effect of specific PIT stimuli on blood–oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the left putamen was found. Results provide initial evidence of effective connectivity in key brain regions in an avoidance-based PIT task network. This study adds to the literature studying PIT effects in humans and employing GIMME models to understand how psychological phenomena are supported in the brain.
format	article
author	Daniel J. Petrie Sy-Miin Chow Charles F. Geier
author_facet	Daniel J. Petrie Sy-Miin Chow Charles F. Geier
author_sort	Daniel J. Petrie
title	Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task
title_short	Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task
title_full	Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task
title_fullStr	Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task
title_full_unstemmed	Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task
title_sort	effective connectivity during an avoidance-based pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ab73f71a7d747cda848b6bb62e3c37e
work_keys_str_mv	AT danieljpetrie effectiveconnectivityduringanavoidancebasedpavloviantoinstrumentaltransfertask AT symiinchow effectiveconnectivityduringanavoidancebasedpavloviantoinstrumentaltransfertask AT charlesfgeier effectiveconnectivityduringanavoidancebasedpavloviantoinstrumentaltransfertask
_version_	1718412822329688064

Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task

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