Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats

<i>Astragalus</i> extract mixture HT042 is a standardized functional food granted by the Korean FDA for promoting “Children’s Height Growth”. In this study, we determined whether HT042 affects circulatory Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after administration and investigated whether...

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Autores principales:	Donghun Lee, Byung-Hak Kim, Sung-Hyun Lee, Won-Young Cho, Young-Sik Kim, Hocheol Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	HT042 circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 growth hormone growth plate immunohistochemistry Pediatrics RJ1-570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ac14ce036a64194825b6ced076ad7dd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ac14ce036a64194825b6ced076ad7dd2021-11-25T17:14:05ZEffects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats10.3390/children81109752227-9067https://doaj.org/article/1ac14ce036a64194825b6ced076ad7dd2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/11/975https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9067<i>Astragalus</i> extract mixture HT042 is a standardized functional food granted by the Korean FDA for promoting “Children’s Height Growth”. In this study, we determined whether HT042 affects circulatory Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after administration and investigated whether Growth hormone (GH), Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R), and Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) mRNAs are expressed in the pituitary, and whether Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and Somatostatin (SST) are expressed in the hypothalamus. We also evaluated the growth effect of HT042 on endochondral bone formation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in the control and HT042 groups were orally administered a single dose of the control and HT042, respectively, and those in the recombinant human GH (rhGH) group were subcutaneously injected with rhGH. Tetracycline was injected intraperitoneally 72 h prior to sacrifice to decide endochondral bone formation. To determine the endocrine or paracrine/autocrine mechanism, we evaluated the expression of local BMP-2 and IGF-1, an immunohistochemical study after HT042 administration. It was confirmed that the growth-promoting effect of HT042 can be contributed to the increase in serum IGF-1, which can be stimulated by GH secretion. Administration of HT042 modulated the activity of GHRH-R and GHR-S in the pituitary gland and promoted GH secretion, thereby changing longitudinal growth through GH/IGF-1 mediation. Results for GHRH and SST expression demonstrated that the hypothalamus can be influenced and mediated by HT042 through a complex neuroendocrine regulatory system. In addition, it was confirmed by oral administration for 10 days that HT042 increased bone formation in cartilage, which is important for height growth. The effect of HT042 could be owing to upregulation of local Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and IGF-1 expression in the growth plate, which could be regarded as a GH-dependent autocrine/paracrine pathway, as well as circulatory IGF-1.Donghun LeeByung-Hak KimSung-Hyun LeeWon-Young ChoYoung-Sik KimHocheol KimMDPI AGarticleHT042circulating insulin-like growth factor-1growth hormonegrowth plateimmunohistochemistryPediatricsRJ1-570ENChildren, Vol 8, Iss 975, p 975 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HT042 circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 growth hormone growth plate immunohistochemistry Pediatrics RJ1-570
spellingShingle	HT042 circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 growth hormone growth plate immunohistochemistry Pediatrics RJ1-570 Donghun Lee Byung-Hak Kim Sung-Hyun Lee Won-Young Cho Young-Sik Kim Hocheol Kim Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats
description	<i>Astragalus</i> extract mixture HT042 is a standardized functional food granted by the Korean FDA for promoting “Children’s Height Growth”. In this study, we determined whether HT042 affects circulatory Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after administration and investigated whether Growth hormone (GH), Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R), and Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) mRNAs are expressed in the pituitary, and whether Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and Somatostatin (SST) are expressed in the hypothalamus. We also evaluated the growth effect of HT042 on endochondral bone formation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in the control and HT042 groups were orally administered a single dose of the control and HT042, respectively, and those in the recombinant human GH (rhGH) group were subcutaneously injected with rhGH. Tetracycline was injected intraperitoneally 72 h prior to sacrifice to decide endochondral bone formation. To determine the endocrine or paracrine/autocrine mechanism, we evaluated the expression of local BMP-2 and IGF-1, an immunohistochemical study after HT042 administration. It was confirmed that the growth-promoting effect of HT042 can be contributed to the increase in serum IGF-1, which can be stimulated by GH secretion. Administration of HT042 modulated the activity of GHRH-R and GHR-S in the pituitary gland and promoted GH secretion, thereby changing longitudinal growth through GH/IGF-1 mediation. Results for GHRH and SST expression demonstrated that the hypothalamus can be influenced and mediated by HT042 through a complex neuroendocrine regulatory system. In addition, it was confirmed by oral administration for 10 days that HT042 increased bone formation in cartilage, which is important for height growth. The effect of HT042 could be owing to upregulation of local Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and IGF-1 expression in the growth plate, which could be regarded as a GH-dependent autocrine/paracrine pathway, as well as circulatory IGF-1.
format	article
author	Donghun Lee Byung-Hak Kim Sung-Hyun Lee Won-Young Cho Young-Sik Kim Hocheol Kim
author_facet	Donghun Lee Byung-Hak Kim Sung-Hyun Lee Won-Young Cho Young-Sik Kim Hocheol Kim
author_sort	Donghun Lee
title	Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats
title_short	Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats
title_full	Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats
title_fullStr	Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats
title_sort	effects of astragalus extract mixture ht042 on circulating igf-1 level and growth hormone axis in rats
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ac14ce036a64194825b6ced076ad7dd
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_version_	1718412574299521024

Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats

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