Fearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.

Gaze direction cues and facial expressions have been shown to influence object processing in infants. For example, infants around 12 months of age utilize others' gaze directions and facial expressions to regulate their own behaviour toward an ambiguous target (i.e., social referencing). Howeve...

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Autores principales:	Reiko Matsunaka, Kazuo Hiraki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1acdb546c2a84b448bd602db2c66aff7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1acdb546c2a84b448bd602db2c66aff72021-11-18T08:31:40ZFearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0089567https://doaj.org/article/1acdb546c2a84b448bd602db2c66aff72014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24586877/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Gaze direction cues and facial expressions have been shown to influence object processing in infants. For example, infants around 12 months of age utilize others' gaze directions and facial expressions to regulate their own behaviour toward an ambiguous target (i.e., social referencing). However, the mechanism by which social signals influence overt orienting in infants is unclear. The present study examined the effects of static gaze direction cues and facial expressions (neutral vs. fearful) on overt orienting using a gaze-cueing paradigm in 6- and 12-month-old infants. Two experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, a face with a leftward or rightward gaze direction was used as a cue, and a face with a forward gaze direction was added in Experiment 2. In both experiments, an effect of facial expression was found in 12-month-olds; no effect was found in 6-month-olds. Twelve-month-old infants exhibited more rapid overt orienting in response to fearful expressions than neutral expressions, irrespective of gaze direction. These findings suggest that gaze direction information and facial expressions independently influence overt orienting in infants, and the effect of facial expression emerges earlier than that of static gaze direction. Implications for the development of gaze direction and facial expression processing systems are discussed.Reiko MatsunakaKazuo HirakiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 2, p e89567 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Reiko Matsunaka Kazuo Hiraki Fearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.
description	Gaze direction cues and facial expressions have been shown to influence object processing in infants. For example, infants around 12 months of age utilize others' gaze directions and facial expressions to regulate their own behaviour toward an ambiguous target (i.e., social referencing). However, the mechanism by which social signals influence overt orienting in infants is unclear. The present study examined the effects of static gaze direction cues and facial expressions (neutral vs. fearful) on overt orienting using a gaze-cueing paradigm in 6- and 12-month-old infants. Two experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, a face with a leftward or rightward gaze direction was used as a cue, and a face with a forward gaze direction was added in Experiment 2. In both experiments, an effect of facial expression was found in 12-month-olds; no effect was found in 6-month-olds. Twelve-month-old infants exhibited more rapid overt orienting in response to fearful expressions than neutral expressions, irrespective of gaze direction. These findings suggest that gaze direction information and facial expressions independently influence overt orienting in infants, and the effect of facial expression emerges earlier than that of static gaze direction. Implications for the development of gaze direction and facial expression processing systems are discussed.
format	article
author	Reiko Matsunaka Kazuo Hiraki
author_facet	Reiko Matsunaka Kazuo Hiraki
author_sort	Reiko Matsunaka
title	Fearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.
title_short	Fearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.
title_full	Fearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.
title_fullStr	Fearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.
title_full_unstemmed	Fearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.
title_sort	fearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/1acdb546c2a84b448bd602db2c66aff7
work_keys_str_mv	AT reikomatsunaka fearfulgazecueinggazedirectionandfacialexpressionindependentlyinfluenceovertorientingresponsesin12montholds AT kazuohiraki fearfulgazecueinggazedirectionandfacialexpressionindependentlyinfluenceovertorientingresponsesin12montholds
_version_	1718421669539741696

Fearful gaze cueing: gaze direction and facial expression independently influence overt orienting responses in 12-month-olds.

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