Investigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics

Tazeen Husain, Muhammad Harris Shoaib, Farrukh Rafiq Ahmed, Rabia Ismail Yousuf, Sadaf Farooqi, Fahad Siddiqui, Muhammad Suleman Imtiaz, Madiha Maboos, Sabahat Jabeen Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, PakistanCorrespo...

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Autores principales:	Husain T, Shoaib MH, Ahmed FR, Yousuf RI, Farooqi S, Siddiqui F, Imtiaz MS, Maboos M, Jabeen S
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	halloysite nanotubes (hnt) biopharmaceutics classification system drug release kinetics verapamil hcl flurbiprofen atenolol furosemide xrd dta ftir sem Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1aea6d89952c43b8a602c36001237d81
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1aea6d89952c43b8a602c36001237d812021-12-02T14:40:41ZInvestigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/1aea6d89952c43b8a602c36001237d812021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/investigating-halloysite-nanotubes-as-a-potential-platform-for-oral-mo-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Tazeen Husain, Muhammad Harris Shoaib, Farrukh Rafiq Ahmed, Rabia Ismail Yousuf, Sadaf Farooqi, Fahad Siddiqui, Muhammad Suleman Imtiaz, Madiha Maboos, Sabahat Jabeen Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, PakistanCorrespondence: Muhammad Harris Shoaib; Farrukh Rafiq AhmedDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, PakistanEmail harrisshoaib2000@yahoo.com; farrukh.ahmed@uok.edu.pkPurpose: This study systematically investigated the potential of four model drugs (verapamil HCl, flurbiprofen, atenolol, and furosemide), each belonging to a different class of Biopharmaceutics Classification Systems (BCS) to be developed into oral modified release dosage forms after loading with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs).Methods: The drugs were studied for their loading (mass gain %) by varying solvent system, method, pH, and ratios of loading into the nanotubes using D-optimal split-plot design with the help of Design Expert software. Drug-loaded halloysites were characterized by XRD, DTA, FTIR, SEM, and HPLC-UV-based assay procedures. Dissolution studies were also performed in dissolution media with pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8. Moreover, the optimized samples were evaluated under stress stability conditions for determining prospects for the development of oral dosage forms.Results: As confirmed with the results of XRD and DTA, the drugs were found to be converted into amorphous form after loading with halloysite (HNTs). The drugs were loaded in the range of &sim; 7– 9% for the four drugs, with agitation providing satisfactory and equivalent loading as compared to vacuum plus agitation based reported methods. FTIR results revealed either only weak electrostatic (verapamil HCl and flurbiprofen) or no interaction with the surface structure of the HNTs. The dissolution profiling depicted significantly retarded release of drugs with Fickian diffusion from a polydisperse system as a model that suits well for the development of oral dosage forms. HPLC-UV-based assay indicated that except furosemide (BCS class IV), the other three drugs are quite suitable for development for oral dosage forms.Conclusion: The four drugs investigated undergo phase transformation with HNTs. While agitation is an optimum method for loading drugs with various physicochemical attributes into HNTs; solvent system, loading ratios and pH play an important role in the loading efficiency respective to the drug properties. The study supports the capability of developing HNT-based modified release oral dosage forms for drugs with high solubility.Keywords: halloysite nanotubes, HNT, biopharmaceutics classification system, drug release kinetics, verapamil HCl, flurbiprofen, atenolol, furosemide, XRD, DTA, FTIR, SEMHusain TShoaib MHAhmed FRYousuf RIFarooqi SSiddiqui FImtiaz MSMaboos MJabeen SDove Medical Pressarticlehalloysite nanotubes (hnt)biopharmaceutics classification systemdrug release kineticsverapamil hclflurbiprofenatenololfurosemidexrddtaftirsemMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 16, Pp 1725-1741 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	halloysite nanotubes (hnt) biopharmaceutics classification system drug release kinetics verapamil hcl flurbiprofen atenolol furosemide xrd dta ftir sem Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	halloysite nanotubes (hnt) biopharmaceutics classification system drug release kinetics verapamil hcl flurbiprofen atenolol furosemide xrd dta ftir sem Medicine (General) R5-920 Husain T Shoaib MH Ahmed FR Yousuf RI Farooqi S Siddiqui F Imtiaz MS Maboos M Jabeen S Investigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics
description	Tazeen Husain, Muhammad Harris Shoaib, Farrukh Rafiq Ahmed, Rabia Ismail Yousuf, Sadaf Farooqi, Fahad Siddiqui, Muhammad Suleman Imtiaz, Madiha Maboos, Sabahat Jabeen Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, PakistanCorrespondence: Muhammad Harris Shoaib; Farrukh Rafiq AhmedDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, PakistanEmail harrisshoaib2000@yahoo.com; farrukh.ahmed@uok.edu.pkPurpose: This study systematically investigated the potential of four model drugs (verapamil HCl, flurbiprofen, atenolol, and furosemide), each belonging to a different class of Biopharmaceutics Classification Systems (BCS) to be developed into oral modified release dosage forms after loading with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs).Methods: The drugs were studied for their loading (mass gain %) by varying solvent system, method, pH, and ratios of loading into the nanotubes using D-optimal split-plot design with the help of Design Expert software. Drug-loaded halloysites were characterized by XRD, DTA, FTIR, SEM, and HPLC-UV-based assay procedures. Dissolution studies were also performed in dissolution media with pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8. Moreover, the optimized samples were evaluated under stress stability conditions for determining prospects for the development of oral dosage forms.Results: As confirmed with the results of XRD and DTA, the drugs were found to be converted into amorphous form after loading with halloysite (HNTs). The drugs were loaded in the range of &sim; 7– 9% for the four drugs, with agitation providing satisfactory and equivalent loading as compared to vacuum plus agitation based reported methods. FTIR results revealed either only weak electrostatic (verapamil HCl and flurbiprofen) or no interaction with the surface structure of the HNTs. The dissolution profiling depicted significantly retarded release of drugs with Fickian diffusion from a polydisperse system as a model that suits well for the development of oral dosage forms. HPLC-UV-based assay indicated that except furosemide (BCS class IV), the other three drugs are quite suitable for development for oral dosage forms.Conclusion: The four drugs investigated undergo phase transformation with HNTs. While agitation is an optimum method for loading drugs with various physicochemical attributes into HNTs; solvent system, loading ratios and pH play an important role in the loading efficiency respective to the drug properties. The study supports the capability of developing HNT-based modified release oral dosage forms for drugs with high solubility.Keywords: halloysite nanotubes, HNT, biopharmaceutics classification system, drug release kinetics, verapamil HCl, flurbiprofen, atenolol, furosemide, XRD, DTA, FTIR, SEM
format	article
author	Husain T Shoaib MH Ahmed FR Yousuf RI Farooqi S Siddiqui F Imtiaz MS Maboos M Jabeen S
author_facet	Husain T Shoaib MH Ahmed FR Yousuf RI Farooqi S Siddiqui F Imtiaz MS Maboos M Jabeen S
author_sort	Husain T
title	Investigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics
title_short	Investigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics
title_full	Investigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics
title_fullStr	Investigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics
title_full_unstemmed	Investigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics
title_sort	investigating halloysite nanotubes as a potential platform for oral modified delivery of different bcs class drugs: characterization, optimization, and evaluation of drug release kinetics
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1aea6d89952c43b8a602c36001237d81
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Investigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics

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