Schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear

Abstract Schizotypy can be defined as a combination of traits qualitatively similar to those found in schizophrenia, but milder in their expression, that can be found in clinical and non-clinical populations. In this research, we explore, to our knowledge, for the first time, whether schizotypal per...

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Autores principales:	Antonio González-Rodríguez, Ángel García-Pérez, Marta Godoy-Giménez, Isabel Carmona, Ángeles F. Estévez, Pablo Sayans-Jiménez, Fernando Cañadas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1b29e17fdd9340b6b2769902cc4b44f3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1b29e17fdd9340b6b2769902cc4b44f32021-12-05T12:12:41ZSchizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear10.1038/s41598-021-02336-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1b29e17fdd9340b6b2769902cc4b44f32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02336-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Schizotypy can be defined as a combination of traits qualitatively similar to those found in schizophrenia, but milder in their expression, that can be found in clinical and non-clinical populations. In this research, we explore, to our knowledge, for the first time, whether schizotypal personality traits may affect the acquisition of conditioned fear by social means only. Apart from being an essential capacity to ensure learning in safe environments, social fear learning shares important characteristics with direct fear acquisition, which also makes it a great candidate for developing successful extinction procedures. Undergraduate students (n = 72) performed a task of social fear learning. In this task, participants watched a video of a person that simulated to receive electric shocks (unconditioned stimulus; US) paired with a coloured square (conditioned stimulus plus; CS+), while another coloured square was never paired (conditioned stimulus minus; CS−) with the shock. After that, they were presented with a similar sequence of coloured screens. Their Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) were registered during the whole process. Once they finished, they completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Our results revealed that participants with a low score in the Cognitive-Perceptual factor of the SPQ exhibited higher SCRs when they saw the US than when they saw the CS− (all ps < 0.01) during the learning phase. Nevertheless, those with higher scores did not present any difference in their SCRs toward both stimuli (all ps > 0.05), a pattern that has been similarly found in schizophrenia. During the final trials of the test phase, participants with the highest scores in the Disorganized factor were the only ones that maintained a higher SCR towards the CS+ than towards the CS− (p = 0.006), which could be associated with an impairment in their extinction processes.Antonio González-RodríguezÁngel García-PérezMarta Godoy-GiménezIsabel CarmonaÁngeles F. EstévezPablo Sayans-JiménezFernando CañadasNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Antonio González-Rodríguez Ángel García-Pérez Marta Godoy-Giménez Isabel Carmona Ángeles F. Estévez Pablo Sayans-Jiménez Fernando Cañadas Schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear
description	Abstract Schizotypy can be defined as a combination of traits qualitatively similar to those found in schizophrenia, but milder in their expression, that can be found in clinical and non-clinical populations. In this research, we explore, to our knowledge, for the first time, whether schizotypal personality traits may affect the acquisition of conditioned fear by social means only. Apart from being an essential capacity to ensure learning in safe environments, social fear learning shares important characteristics with direct fear acquisition, which also makes it a great candidate for developing successful extinction procedures. Undergraduate students (n = 72) performed a task of social fear learning. In this task, participants watched a video of a person that simulated to receive electric shocks (unconditioned stimulus; US) paired with a coloured square (conditioned stimulus plus; CS+), while another coloured square was never paired (conditioned stimulus minus; CS−) with the shock. After that, they were presented with a similar sequence of coloured screens. Their Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) were registered during the whole process. Once they finished, they completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Our results revealed that participants with a low score in the Cognitive-Perceptual factor of the SPQ exhibited higher SCRs when they saw the US than when they saw the CS− (all ps < 0.01) during the learning phase. Nevertheless, those with higher scores did not present any difference in their SCRs toward both stimuli (all ps > 0.05), a pattern that has been similarly found in schizophrenia. During the final trials of the test phase, participants with the highest scores in the Disorganized factor were the only ones that maintained a higher SCR towards the CS+ than towards the CS− (p = 0.006), which could be associated with an impairment in their extinction processes.
format	article
author	Antonio González-Rodríguez Ángel García-Pérez Marta Godoy-Giménez Isabel Carmona Ángeles F. Estévez Pablo Sayans-Jiménez Fernando Cañadas
author_facet	Antonio González-Rodríguez Ángel García-Pérez Marta Godoy-Giménez Isabel Carmona Ángeles F. Estévez Pablo Sayans-Jiménez Fernando Cañadas
author_sort	Antonio González-Rodríguez
title	Schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear
title_short	Schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear
title_full	Schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear
title_fullStr	Schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear
title_full_unstemmed	Schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear
title_sort	schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1b29e17fdd9340b6b2769902cc4b44f3
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Schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear

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