Dimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples?

Depression is a common mental illness among Chinese adolescents. Although the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) has been widely used in diverse populations, the reported factor structures are inconsistent, and its longitudinal invariance is under-researched. This study examined the ps...

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Autores principales:	Diya Dou, Daniel T. L. Shek, Xiaoqin Zhu, Li Zhao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	depression somatization Chinese adolescents factorial invariance longitudinal invariance replication Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1b2d38d5de1f41cf97c6c077d058f663
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1b2d38d5de1f41cf97c6c077d058f6632021-11-25T17:48:39ZDimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples?10.3390/ijerph1822118181660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/1b2d38d5de1f41cf97c6c077d058f6632021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11818https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Depression is a common mental illness among Chinese adolescents. Although the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) has been widely used in diverse populations, the reported factor structures are inconsistent, and its longitudinal invariance is under-researched. This study examined the psychometric properties and factorial invariance across gender and time of the CES-D among Chinese adolescents. Adolescents aged above 11 years from five schools in Chengdu responded to a questionnaire at Wave 1 (<i>n</i> = 5690). Among them, 4981 participants completed the same questionnaire after six months (Wave 2). The matched sample was composed of 4922 students (51.5% were girls; mean age = 13.15 years) at Wave 1. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the factor structure and performed multi-group CFA to test the factorial invariance across gender and time. A three-factor solution was identified, including “positive affect”, “somatic complaints”, and “depressed affect”. Results of multi-group CFA comparisons supported the factorial invariance of the resultant three-factor solution. Using a new sample of Chinese adolescents in Southwestern China, the present study reproduced earlier findings on adolescents in other areas in China. This study has implications for depression assessment and research in Chinese adolescents.Diya DouDaniel T. L. ShekXiaoqin ZhuLi ZhaoMDPI AGarticledepressionsomatizationChinese adolescentsfactorial invariancelongitudinal invariancereplicationMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11818, p 11818 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	depression somatization Chinese adolescents factorial invariance longitudinal invariance replication Medicine R
spellingShingle	depression somatization Chinese adolescents factorial invariance longitudinal invariance replication Medicine R Diya Dou Daniel T. L. Shek Xiaoqin Zhu Li Zhao Dimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples?
description	Depression is a common mental illness among Chinese adolescents. Although the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) has been widely used in diverse populations, the reported factor structures are inconsistent, and its longitudinal invariance is under-researched. This study examined the psychometric properties and factorial invariance across gender and time of the CES-D among Chinese adolescents. Adolescents aged above 11 years from five schools in Chengdu responded to a questionnaire at Wave 1 (<i>n</i> = 5690). Among them, 4981 participants completed the same questionnaire after six months (Wave 2). The matched sample was composed of 4922 students (51.5% were girls; mean age = 13.15 years) at Wave 1. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the factor structure and performed multi-group CFA to test the factorial invariance across gender and time. A three-factor solution was identified, including “positive affect”, “somatic complaints”, and “depressed affect”. Results of multi-group CFA comparisons supported the factorial invariance of the resultant three-factor solution. Using a new sample of Chinese adolescents in Southwestern China, the present study reproduced earlier findings on adolescents in other areas in China. This study has implications for depression assessment and research in Chinese adolescents.
format	article
author	Diya Dou Daniel T. L. Shek Xiaoqin Zhu Li Zhao
author_facet	Diya Dou Daniel T. L. Shek Xiaoqin Zhu Li Zhao
author_sort	Diya Dou
title	Dimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples?
title_short	Dimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples?
title_full	Dimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples?
title_fullStr	Dimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples?
title_full_unstemmed	Dimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples?
title_sort	dimensionality of the chinese ces-d: is it stable across gender, time, and samples?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1b2d38d5de1f41cf97c6c077d058f663
work_keys_str_mv	AT diyadou dimensionalityofthechinesecesdisitstableacrossgendertimeandsamples AT danieltlshek dimensionalityofthechinesecesdisitstableacrossgendertimeandsamples AT xiaoqinzhu dimensionalityofthechinesecesdisitstableacrossgendertimeandsamples AT lizhao dimensionalityofthechinesecesdisitstableacrossgendertimeandsamples
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Dimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples?

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