Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella</italic>

ABSTRACT Salmonella infection is one of the main causes of food-borne diarrheal diseases worldwide. Although most Salmonella infections can be cleared without treatment, some cause serious illnesses that require antibiotic treatment. In view of the growing emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonell...

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Autores principales:	Yue O. O. Hu, Luisa W. Hugerth, Carina Bengtsson, Arlisa Alisjahbana, Maike Seifert, Anaga Kamal, Åsa Sjöling, Tore Midtvedt, Elisabeth Norin, Juan Du, Lars Engstrand
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	anaerobically cultivated human intestinal microflora (ACHIM) microbiota Salmonella antibiotic resistance bacteriophages Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1b507e76465146a9ae64ec8ee2ffbee8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1b507e76465146a9ae64ec8ee2ffbee82021-12-02T18:15:43ZBacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella</italic>10.1128/mSystems.00119-182379-5077https://doaj.org/article/1b507e76465146a9ae64ec8ee2ffbee82018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00119-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Salmonella infection is one of the main causes of food-borne diarrheal diseases worldwide. Although most Salmonella infections can be cleared without treatment, some cause serious illnesses that require antibiotic treatment. In view of the growing emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains, novel treatments are increasingly required. Furthermore, there is a striking paucity of data on how a balanced human gut microbiota responds to Salmonella infection. This study aimed to evaluate whether a balanced gut microbiota protects against Salmonella growth and to compare two antimicrobial approaches for managing Salmonella infection: bacteriophage (phage) treatment and antibiotic treatment. Anaerobically cultivated human intestinal microflora (ACHIM) is a feasible model for the human gut microbiota and naturally inhibits Salmonella infection. By mimicking Salmonella infection in vitro using ACHIM, we observed a large reduction of Salmonella growth by the ACHIM itself. Treatments with phage and antibiotic further inhibited Salmonella growth. However, phage treatment had less impact on the nontargeted bacteria in ACHIM than the antibiotic treatment did. Phage treatment has high specificity when combating Salmonella infection and offers a noninvasive alternative to antibiotic treatment. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a global threat. Therefore, alternative approaches for combatting bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are urgently needed. Using a human gut microbiota model, we demonstrate that bacteriophages (phages) are able to substantially decrease pathogenic Salmonella without perturbing the microbiota. Conversely, antibiotic treatment leads to the eradication of close to all commensal bacteria, leaving only antibiotic-resistant bacteria. An unbalanced microbiota has been linked to many diseases both in the gastrointestinal tract or “nonintestinal” diseases. In our study, we show that the microbiota provides a protective effect against Salmonella. Since phage treatment preserves the healthy gut microbiota, it is a feasible superior alternative to antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, when combating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, gut microbiota should be considered. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.Yue O. O. HuLuisa W. HugerthCarina BengtssonArlisa AlisjahbanaMaike SeifertAnaga KamalÅsa SjölingTore MidtvedtElisabeth NorinJuan DuLars EngstrandAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleanaerobically cultivated human intestinal microflora (ACHIM)microbiotaSalmonellaantibiotic resistancebacteriophagesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 3, Iss 5 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	anaerobically cultivated human intestinal microflora (ACHIM) microbiota Salmonella antibiotic resistance bacteriophages Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	anaerobically cultivated human intestinal microflora (ACHIM) microbiota Salmonella antibiotic resistance bacteriophages Microbiology QR1-502 Yue O. O. Hu Luisa W. Hugerth Carina Bengtsson Arlisa Alisjahbana Maike Seifert Anaga Kamal Åsa Sjöling Tore Midtvedt Elisabeth Norin Juan Du Lars Engstrand Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella</italic>
description	ABSTRACT Salmonella infection is one of the main causes of food-borne diarrheal diseases worldwide. Although most Salmonella infections can be cleared without treatment, some cause serious illnesses that require antibiotic treatment. In view of the growing emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains, novel treatments are increasingly required. Furthermore, there is a striking paucity of data on how a balanced human gut microbiota responds to Salmonella infection. This study aimed to evaluate whether a balanced gut microbiota protects against Salmonella growth and to compare two antimicrobial approaches for managing Salmonella infection: bacteriophage (phage) treatment and antibiotic treatment. Anaerobically cultivated human intestinal microflora (ACHIM) is a feasible model for the human gut microbiota and naturally inhibits Salmonella infection. By mimicking Salmonella infection in vitro using ACHIM, we observed a large reduction of Salmonella growth by the ACHIM itself. Treatments with phage and antibiotic further inhibited Salmonella growth. However, phage treatment had less impact on the nontargeted bacteria in ACHIM than the antibiotic treatment did. Phage treatment has high specificity when combating Salmonella infection and offers a noninvasive alternative to antibiotic treatment. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a global threat. Therefore, alternative approaches for combatting bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are urgently needed. Using a human gut microbiota model, we demonstrate that bacteriophages (phages) are able to substantially decrease pathogenic Salmonella without perturbing the microbiota. Conversely, antibiotic treatment leads to the eradication of close to all commensal bacteria, leaving only antibiotic-resistant bacteria. An unbalanced microbiota has been linked to many diseases both in the gastrointestinal tract or “nonintestinal” diseases. In our study, we show that the microbiota provides a protective effect against Salmonella. Since phage treatment preserves the healthy gut microbiota, it is a feasible superior alternative to antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, when combating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, gut microbiota should be considered. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.
format	article
author	Yue O. O. Hu Luisa W. Hugerth Carina Bengtsson Arlisa Alisjahbana Maike Seifert Anaga Kamal Åsa Sjöling Tore Midtvedt Elisabeth Norin Juan Du Lars Engstrand
author_facet	Yue O. O. Hu Luisa W. Hugerth Carina Bengtsson Arlisa Alisjahbana Maike Seifert Anaga Kamal Åsa Sjöling Tore Midtvedt Elisabeth Norin Juan Du Lars Engstrand
author_sort	Yue O. O. Hu
title	Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella</italic>
title_short	Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella</italic>
title_full	Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella</italic>
title_fullStr	Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella</italic>
title_full_unstemmed	Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella</italic>
title_sort	bacteriophages synergize with the gut microbial community to combat <italic toggle="yes">salmonella</italic>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/1b507e76465146a9ae64ec8ee2ffbee8
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Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella</italic>

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