Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence

Abstract Magmatism accompanies rifting along divergent plate boundaries, although its role before continental breakup remains poorly understood. For example, the magma-assisted Northern Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER) lacks current volcanism and clear tectono-magmatic relationships with its contiguous ri...

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Autores principales:	Eugenio Nicotra, Marco Viccaro, Paola Donato, Valerio Acocella, Rosanna De Rosa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1b5968476bb54b3787f19ddfa359a1ba
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1b5968476bb54b3787f19ddfa359a1ba2021-11-14T12:19:08ZCatching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence10.1038/s41598-021-01259-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1b5968476bb54b3787f19ddfa359a1ba2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01259-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Magmatism accompanies rifting along divergent plate boundaries, although its role before continental breakup remains poorly understood. For example, the magma-assisted Northern Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER) lacks current volcanism and clear tectono-magmatic relationships with its contiguous rift portions. Here we define its magmatic behaviour, identifying the most recent eruptive fissures (EF) whose aphyric basalts have a higher Ti content than those of older monogenetic scoria cones (MSC), which are porphyritic and plagioclase-dominated. Despite these differences, calculations highlight a similar parental melt for EF and MSC products, suggesting only a different evolutionary history after melt generation. While MSC magmas underwent a further step of storage at intermediate crustal levels, EF magmas rose directly from the base of the crust without contamination, even below older polygenetic volcanoes, suggesting rapid propagation of transcrustal dikes across solidified magma chambers. Whether this recent condition in the NMER is stable or transient, it indicates a transition from central polygenetic to linear fissure volcanism, indicative of increased tensile conditions and volcanism directly fed from the base of the crust, suggesting transition towards mature rifting.Eugenio NicotraMarco ViccaroPaola DonatoValerio AcocellaRosanna De RosaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eugenio Nicotra Marco Viccaro Paola Donato Valerio Acocella Rosanna De Rosa Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence
description	Abstract Magmatism accompanies rifting along divergent plate boundaries, although its role before continental breakup remains poorly understood. For example, the magma-assisted Northern Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER) lacks current volcanism and clear tectono-magmatic relationships with its contiguous rift portions. Here we define its magmatic behaviour, identifying the most recent eruptive fissures (EF) whose aphyric basalts have a higher Ti content than those of older monogenetic scoria cones (MSC), which are porphyritic and plagioclase-dominated. Despite these differences, calculations highlight a similar parental melt for EF and MSC products, suggesting only a different evolutionary history after melt generation. While MSC magmas underwent a further step of storage at intermediate crustal levels, EF magmas rose directly from the base of the crust without contamination, even below older polygenetic volcanoes, suggesting rapid propagation of transcrustal dikes across solidified magma chambers. Whether this recent condition in the NMER is stable or transient, it indicates a transition from central polygenetic to linear fissure volcanism, indicative of increased tensile conditions and volcanism directly fed from the base of the crust, suggesting transition towards mature rifting.
format	article
author	Eugenio Nicotra Marco Viccaro Paola Donato Valerio Acocella Rosanna De Rosa
author_facet	Eugenio Nicotra Marco Viccaro Paola Donato Valerio Acocella Rosanna De Rosa
author_sort	Eugenio Nicotra
title	Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence
title_short	Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence
title_full	Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence
title_fullStr	Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence
title_full_unstemmed	Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence
title_sort	catching the main ethiopian rift evolving towards plate divergence
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1b5968476bb54b3787f19ddfa359a1ba
work_keys_str_mv	AT eugenionicotra catchingthemainethiopianriftevolvingtowardsplatedivergence AT marcoviccaro catchingthemainethiopianriftevolvingtowardsplatedivergence AT paoladonato catchingthemainethiopianriftevolvingtowardsplatedivergence AT valerioacocella catchingthemainethiopianriftevolvingtowardsplatedivergence AT rosannaderosa catchingthemainethiopianriftevolvingtowardsplatedivergence
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Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence

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