Impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.

When it comes to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil, one of the main targets of public health policies of surveillance is the control of domestic canine reservoirs of Leishmania infantum. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of...

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Autores principales:	Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto, Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto, Virgínia Bodelão Richini Pereira, Valéria Medina Camprigher, Helena Hilomi Taniguchi, José Eduardo de Raeffray Barbosa, Luiz Ricardo Paes de Barros Cortez, Elivelton da Silva Fonseca, Raul Borges Guimarães, José Eduardo Tolezano
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1b795bf7240b4356b0c91353a2e9d927
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1b795bf7240b4356b0c91353a2e9d9272021-12-02T20:14:50ZImpact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0256534https://doaj.org/article/1b795bf7240b4356b0c91353a2e9d9272021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256534https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203When it comes to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil, one of the main targets of public health policies of surveillance is the control of domestic canine reservoirs of Leishmania infantum. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci in the transmission to human and animal hosts in an endemic city for VL, Bauru, in Brazil. We collected 6,578 blood samples of dogs living in 3,916 households from Nov.2019 to Mar.2020 and applied geospatial models to predict the disease risk based on the canine population. We used Kernel density estimation, cluster analysis, geostatistics, and Generalized Additive Models (GAM). To validate our models, we used cross-validation and created a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We found an overall canine VL (CVL) seroprevalence of 5.6% for the sampled dogs, while for the households, the positivity rate was 8.7%. Odds ratios (OR) for CVL increased progressively according to the number of canines for >2 dogs (OR 2.70); households that already had CVL in the past increased the chances for CVL currently (OR 2.73); and the cases of CVL increase the chances for human VL cases (OR 1.16). Our models were statistically significant and demonstrated a spatial association between canine and human disease cases, mainly in VL foci that remain endemic. Although the Kernel density ratio map had the best performance (AUC = 82), all the models showed high risk in the city's northwest area. Canine population dynamics must be considered in public policies, and geospatial methods may help target priority areas and planning VL surveillance in low and middle-income countries.Patricia Sayuri Silvestre MatsumotoRoberto Mitsuyoshi HiramotoVirgínia Bodelão Richini PereiraValéria Medina CamprigherHelena Hilomi TaniguchiJosé Eduardo de Raeffray BarbosaLuiz Ricardo Paes de Barros CortezElivelton da Silva FonsecaRaul Borges GuimarãesJosé Eduardo TolezanoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0256534 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto Virgínia Bodelão Richini Pereira Valéria Medina Camprigher Helena Hilomi Taniguchi José Eduardo de Raeffray Barbosa Luiz Ricardo Paes de Barros Cortez Elivelton da Silva Fonseca Raul Borges Guimarães José Eduardo Tolezano Impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.
description	When it comes to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil, one of the main targets of public health policies of surveillance is the control of domestic canine reservoirs of Leishmania infantum. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci in the transmission to human and animal hosts in an endemic city for VL, Bauru, in Brazil. We collected 6,578 blood samples of dogs living in 3,916 households from Nov.2019 to Mar.2020 and applied geospatial models to predict the disease risk based on the canine population. We used Kernel density estimation, cluster analysis, geostatistics, and Generalized Additive Models (GAM). To validate our models, we used cross-validation and created a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We found an overall canine VL (CVL) seroprevalence of 5.6% for the sampled dogs, while for the households, the positivity rate was 8.7%. Odds ratios (OR) for CVL increased progressively according to the number of canines for >2 dogs (OR 2.70); households that already had CVL in the past increased the chances for CVL currently (OR 2.73); and the cases of CVL increase the chances for human VL cases (OR 1.16). Our models were statistically significant and demonstrated a spatial association between canine and human disease cases, mainly in VL foci that remain endemic. Although the Kernel density ratio map had the best performance (AUC = 82), all the models showed high risk in the city's northwest area. Canine population dynamics must be considered in public policies, and geospatial methods may help target priority areas and planning VL surveillance in low and middle-income countries.
format	article
author	Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto Virgínia Bodelão Richini Pereira Valéria Medina Camprigher Helena Hilomi Taniguchi José Eduardo de Raeffray Barbosa Luiz Ricardo Paes de Barros Cortez Elivelton da Silva Fonseca Raul Borges Guimarães José Eduardo Tolezano
author_facet	Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto Virgínia Bodelão Richini Pereira Valéria Medina Camprigher Helena Hilomi Taniguchi José Eduardo de Raeffray Barbosa Luiz Ricardo Paes de Barros Cortez Elivelton da Silva Fonseca Raul Borges Guimarães José Eduardo Tolezano
author_sort	Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto
title	Impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.
title_short	Impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.
title_full	Impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.
title_fullStr	Impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.
title_sort	impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in sao paulo state, brazil.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1b795bf7240b4356b0c91353a2e9d927
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Impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.

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