Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.

<h4>Background</h4>In April 2009, the most recent pandemic of influenza A began. We present the first estimates of pandemic mortality based on the newly-released final data on deaths in 2009 and 2010 in the United States.<h4>Methods</h4>We obtained data on influenza and pneum...

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Autores principales:	Ann M Nguyen, Andrew Noymer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1b7cb04745bc40e68888c778cf9a94dc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1b7cb04745bc40e68888c778cf9a94dc2021-11-18T07:44:35ZInfluenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0064198https://doaj.org/article/1b7cb04745bc40e68888c778cf9a94dc2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23717567/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>In April 2009, the most recent pandemic of influenza A began. We present the first estimates of pandemic mortality based on the newly-released final data on deaths in 2009 and 2010 in the United States.<h4>Methods</h4>We obtained data on influenza and pneumonia deaths from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Age- and sex-specific death rates, and age-standardized death rates, were calculated. Using negative binomial Serfling-type methods, excess mortality was calculated separately by sex and age groups.<h4>Results</h4>In many age groups, observed pneumonia and influenza cause-specific mortality rates in October and November 2009 broke month-specific records since 1959 when the current series of detailed US mortality data began. Compared to the typical pattern of seasonal flu deaths, the 2009 pandemic age-specific mortality, as well as influenza-attributable (excess) mortality, skewed much younger. We estimate 2,634 excess pneumonia and influenza deaths in 2009-10; the excess death rate in 2009 was 0.79 per 100,000.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Pandemic influenza mortality skews younger than seasonal influenza. This can be explained by a protective effect due to antigenic cycling. When older cohorts have been previously exposed to a similar antigen, immune memory results in lower death rates at older ages. Age-targeted vaccination of younger people should be considered in future pandemics.Ann M NguyenAndrew NoymerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 5, p e64198 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ann M Nguyen Andrew Noymer Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.
description	<h4>Background</h4>In April 2009, the most recent pandemic of influenza A began. We present the first estimates of pandemic mortality based on the newly-released final data on deaths in 2009 and 2010 in the United States.<h4>Methods</h4>We obtained data on influenza and pneumonia deaths from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Age- and sex-specific death rates, and age-standardized death rates, were calculated. Using negative binomial Serfling-type methods, excess mortality was calculated separately by sex and age groups.<h4>Results</h4>In many age groups, observed pneumonia and influenza cause-specific mortality rates in October and November 2009 broke month-specific records since 1959 when the current series of detailed US mortality data began. Compared to the typical pattern of seasonal flu deaths, the 2009 pandemic age-specific mortality, as well as influenza-attributable (excess) mortality, skewed much younger. We estimate 2,634 excess pneumonia and influenza deaths in 2009-10; the excess death rate in 2009 was 0.79 per 100,000.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Pandemic influenza mortality skews younger than seasonal influenza. This can be explained by a protective effect due to antigenic cycling. When older cohorts have been previously exposed to a similar antigen, immune memory results in lower death rates at older ages. Age-targeted vaccination of younger people should be considered in future pandemics.
format	article
author	Ann M Nguyen Andrew Noymer
author_facet	Ann M Nguyen Andrew Noymer
author_sort	Ann M Nguyen
title	Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.
title_short	Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.
title_full	Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.
title_fullStr	Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.
title_full_unstemmed	Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.
title_sort	influenza mortality in the united states, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/1b7cb04745bc40e68888c778cf9a94dc
work_keys_str_mv	AT annmnguyen influenzamortalityintheunitedstates2009pandemicburdentimingandagedistribution AT andrewnoymer influenzamortalityintheunitedstates2009pandemicburdentimingandagedistribution
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Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.

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