Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation

In algal pond used for treating wastewater, a part of the solar radiation (PAR) is used by algae for photosynthesis, and rest of the solar energy is wasted. To date, no studies have been conducted that optimize these aspects (wasted solar radiation for heat production) from an operational cost persp...

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Autores principales:	Saumya Verma, Raja Chowdhury, Sarat K. Das, Matthew J. Franchetti, Gang Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	algal culture clearness index modelling of PAR optimization wastewater Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1bac8b4e72404f3dbe14cffb60fa0b1d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1bac8b4e72404f3dbe14cffb60fa0b1d2021-11-11T19:37:02ZSunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation10.3390/su1321119372071-1050https://doaj.org/article/1bac8b4e72404f3dbe14cffb60fa0b1d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11937https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050In algal pond used for treating wastewater, a part of the solar radiation (PAR) is used by algae for photosynthesis, and rest of the solar energy is wasted. To date, no studies have been conducted that optimize these aspects (wasted solar radiation for heat production) from an operational cost perspective. Therefore, a model is developed for the estimation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from solar radiation. Subsequently, derived PAR was utilized in the optimization algorithm. Experimental data on PAR and solar radiation were used to obtain empirical parameters of the developed model. Using empirical parameters, diurnal PAR was estimated for other locations for which the diurnal variation of solar radiation was not available. Afterwards, the estimated solar radiation was used to obtain the cost of algal biomass production using wastewater. For this purpose, a cost function was minimized. The cost function contains various cost components of algae-based wastewater treatment. The major costs of the treatment were incurred by the sunlight harvesting, and distribution equipment, whereas the major income was registered through the conversion of sunlight to heat and biomass production. The yearly cost of treating 1m<sup>3</sup> wastewater in the proposed wastewater treatment plant could be varied from 186 to −44 (Rs, INR). The capital cost of constructing a proposed treatment plant having a capacity of 1000 m<sup>3</sup>/day varied from 11–45 crores INR.Saumya VermaRaja ChowdhurySarat K. DasMatthew J. FranchettiGang LiuMDPI AGarticlealgal cultureclearness indexmodelling of PARoptimizationwastewaterEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11937, p 11937 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	algal culture clearness index modelling of PAR optimization wastewater Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	algal culture clearness index modelling of PAR optimization wastewater Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Saumya Verma Raja Chowdhury Sarat K. Das Matthew J. Franchetti Gang Liu Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation
description	In algal pond used for treating wastewater, a part of the solar radiation (PAR) is used by algae for photosynthesis, and rest of the solar energy is wasted. To date, no studies have been conducted that optimize these aspects (wasted solar radiation for heat production) from an operational cost perspective. Therefore, a model is developed for the estimation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from solar radiation. Subsequently, derived PAR was utilized in the optimization algorithm. Experimental data on PAR and solar radiation were used to obtain empirical parameters of the developed model. Using empirical parameters, diurnal PAR was estimated for other locations for which the diurnal variation of solar radiation was not available. Afterwards, the estimated solar radiation was used to obtain the cost of algal biomass production using wastewater. For this purpose, a cost function was minimized. The cost function contains various cost components of algae-based wastewater treatment. The major costs of the treatment were incurred by the sunlight harvesting, and distribution equipment, whereas the major income was registered through the conversion of sunlight to heat and biomass production. The yearly cost of treating 1m<sup>3</sup> wastewater in the proposed wastewater treatment plant could be varied from 186 to −44 (Rs, INR). The capital cost of constructing a proposed treatment plant having a capacity of 1000 m<sup>3</sup>/day varied from 11–45 crores INR.
format	article
author	Saumya Verma Raja Chowdhury Sarat K. Das Matthew J. Franchetti Gang Liu
author_facet	Saumya Verma Raja Chowdhury Sarat K. Das Matthew J. Franchetti Gang Liu
author_sort	Saumya Verma
title	Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation
title_short	Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation
title_full	Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation
title_fullStr	Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation
title_full_unstemmed	Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation
title_sort	sunlight intensity, photosynthetically active radiation modelling and its application in algae-based wastewater treatment and its cost estimation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1bac8b4e72404f3dbe14cffb60fa0b1d
work_keys_str_mv	AT saumyaverma sunlightintensityphotosyntheticallyactiveradiationmodellinganditsapplicationinalgaebasedwastewatertreatmentanditscostestimation AT rajachowdhury sunlightintensityphotosyntheticallyactiveradiationmodellinganditsapplicationinalgaebasedwastewatertreatmentanditscostestimation AT saratkdas sunlightintensityphotosyntheticallyactiveradiationmodellinganditsapplicationinalgaebasedwastewatertreatmentanditscostestimation AT matthewjfranchetti sunlightintensityphotosyntheticallyactiveradiationmodellinganditsapplicationinalgaebasedwastewatertreatmentanditscostestimation AT gangliu sunlightintensityphotosyntheticallyactiveradiationmodellinganditsapplicationinalgaebasedwastewatertreatmentanditscostestimation
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Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation

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