The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour

Abstract Legislation frequently restricts the use of cellphones while driving. Despite this, many people continue to interact with cellphones covertly while driving, typically by concealing their device in their lap. This strategy leads to frequent diversion of the drivers’ gaze from the road ahead,...

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Autores principales:	Philip R. K. Turnbull, Safal Khanal, Steven C. Dakin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1be796167f1140d2847c65af22bebcbf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1be796167f1140d2847c65af22bebcbf2021-12-02T14:37:39ZThe effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour10.1038/s41598-021-87120-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1be796167f1140d2847c65af22bebcbf2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87120-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Legislation frequently restricts the use of cellphones while driving. Despite this, many people continue to interact with cellphones covertly while driving, typically by concealing their device in their lap. This strategy leads to frequent diversion of the drivers’ gaze from the road ahead, potentially reducing their driving performance. To evaluate the influence of cellphone use on driving, 30 participants took part in three randomly ordered 7-min virtual reality driving simulations. In each condition, drivers were presented with either (a) no cellphone, (b) a cellphone fixed to the windscreen, or (c) a cellphone positioned at lap level. Their task was to maintain road position and observe speed limits while answering maths problems (delivered intermittently via ‘text message’) and searching for external target objects. Outcome measures included speed, lane position standard deviation (LPSD), and fixation behaviour, which were compared between trials. In trials where a cellphone was present, participants shifted fixation more frequently, drove approximately 6 km/h faster, exhibited a lower LPSD and spent more time in the correct lane on the road (compared to the no-cellphone condition; all p < 0.001). Cellphone position influenced eye gaze behaviour, with drivers looking at the cellphone less frequently, and the speedometer more frequently. when the cellphone was in their lap compared to when the cellphone was positioned on the windscreen. Our results are consistent with participants driving more cautiously—checking speed and lane position more frequently—when they have a cellphone in the lap. Real-world driving data would be useful to determine whether this change in driving behaviour we observed is sufficient to offset the increased risk introduced by spending less time looking at the road ahead.Philip R. K. TurnbullSafal KhanalSteven C. DakinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Philip R. K. Turnbull Safal Khanal Steven C. Dakin The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour
description	Abstract Legislation frequently restricts the use of cellphones while driving. Despite this, many people continue to interact with cellphones covertly while driving, typically by concealing their device in their lap. This strategy leads to frequent diversion of the drivers’ gaze from the road ahead, potentially reducing their driving performance. To evaluate the influence of cellphone use on driving, 30 participants took part in three randomly ordered 7-min virtual reality driving simulations. In each condition, drivers were presented with either (a) no cellphone, (b) a cellphone fixed to the windscreen, or (c) a cellphone positioned at lap level. Their task was to maintain road position and observe speed limits while answering maths problems (delivered intermittently via ‘text message’) and searching for external target objects. Outcome measures included speed, lane position standard deviation (LPSD), and fixation behaviour, which were compared between trials. In trials where a cellphone was present, participants shifted fixation more frequently, drove approximately 6 km/h faster, exhibited a lower LPSD and spent more time in the correct lane on the road (compared to the no-cellphone condition; all p < 0.001). Cellphone position influenced eye gaze behaviour, with drivers looking at the cellphone less frequently, and the speedometer more frequently. when the cellphone was in their lap compared to when the cellphone was positioned on the windscreen. Our results are consistent with participants driving more cautiously—checking speed and lane position more frequently—when they have a cellphone in the lap. Real-world driving data would be useful to determine whether this change in driving behaviour we observed is sufficient to offset the increased risk introduced by spending less time looking at the road ahead.
format	article
author	Philip R. K. Turnbull Safal Khanal Steven C. Dakin
author_facet	Philip R. K. Turnbull Safal Khanal Steven C. Dakin
author_sort	Philip R. K. Turnbull
title	The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour
title_short	The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour
title_full	The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour
title_fullStr	The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour
title_sort	effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1be796167f1140d2847c65af22bebcbf
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The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour

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