The Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence

Leptin promotes satiety and modulates energy balance and weight. Diet-induced obesity leads to leptin resistance, exacerbating overeating. We reviewed the literature on the relationship between diet and leptin, which suggests that addressing leptin resistance through dietary interventions can contri...

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Autores principales:	Kenny Mendoza-Herrera, Andrea A. Florio, Maggie Moore, Abrania Marrero, Martha Tamez, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, Josiemer Mattei
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	leptin diet obesity leptin resistance dietary interventions Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1beee97708244800a17f076fe4d4b532
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1beee97708244800a17f076fe4d4b5322021-11-30T16:11:11ZThe Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence1664-239210.3389/fendo.2021.749050https://doaj.org/article/1beee97708244800a17f076fe4d4b5322021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.749050/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2392Leptin promotes satiety and modulates energy balance and weight. Diet-induced obesity leads to leptin resistance, exacerbating overeating. We reviewed the literature on the relationship between diet and leptin, which suggests that addressing leptin resistance through dietary interventions can contribute counteracting obesity. Albeit some limitations (e.g., limited rigor, small samples sizes), studies in animals and humans show that diets high in fat, carbohydrates, fructose, and sucrose, and low in protein are drivers of leptin resistance. Despite methodological heterogeneity pertaining to this body of literature, experimental studies show that energy-restricted diets can reduce leptinemia both in the short and long term and potentially reverse leptin resistance in humans. We also discuss limitations of this evidence, future lines of research, and implications for clinical and public health translations. Main limitations include the lack of a single universally-accepted definition of leptin resistance, and of adequate ways to accurately measure it in humans. The use of leptin sensitizers (drugs) and genetically individualized diets are alternatives against leptin resistance that should be further researched in humans. The tested very-low-energy intervention diets are challenging to translate into wide clinical or population recommendations. In conclusion, the link between nutritional components and leptin resistance, as well as research indicating that this condition is reversible, emphasizes the potential of diet to recover sensitivity to this hormone. A harmonized definition of leptin resistance, reliable methods to measure it, and large-scale, translational, clinical, and precision nutrition research involving rigorous methods are needed to benefit populations through these approaches.Kenny Mendoza-HerreraAndrea A. FlorioMaggie MooreAbrania MarreroMartha TamezShilpa N. BhupathirajuJosiemer MatteiFrontiers Media S.A.articleleptindietobesityleptin resistancedietary interventionsDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinologyRC648-665ENFrontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	leptin diet obesity leptin resistance dietary interventions Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
spellingShingle	leptin diet obesity leptin resistance dietary interventions Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665 Kenny Mendoza-Herrera Andrea A. Florio Maggie Moore Abrania Marrero Martha Tamez Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju Josiemer Mattei The Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence
description	Leptin promotes satiety and modulates energy balance and weight. Diet-induced obesity leads to leptin resistance, exacerbating overeating. We reviewed the literature on the relationship between diet and leptin, which suggests that addressing leptin resistance through dietary interventions can contribute counteracting obesity. Albeit some limitations (e.g., limited rigor, small samples sizes), studies in animals and humans show that diets high in fat, carbohydrates, fructose, and sucrose, and low in protein are drivers of leptin resistance. Despite methodological heterogeneity pertaining to this body of literature, experimental studies show that energy-restricted diets can reduce leptinemia both in the short and long term and potentially reverse leptin resistance in humans. We also discuss limitations of this evidence, future lines of research, and implications for clinical and public health translations. Main limitations include the lack of a single universally-accepted definition of leptin resistance, and of adequate ways to accurately measure it in humans. The use of leptin sensitizers (drugs) and genetically individualized diets are alternatives against leptin resistance that should be further researched in humans. The tested very-low-energy intervention diets are challenging to translate into wide clinical or population recommendations. In conclusion, the link between nutritional components and leptin resistance, as well as research indicating that this condition is reversible, emphasizes the potential of diet to recover sensitivity to this hormone. A harmonized definition of leptin resistance, reliable methods to measure it, and large-scale, translational, clinical, and precision nutrition research involving rigorous methods are needed to benefit populations through these approaches.
format	article
author	Kenny Mendoza-Herrera Andrea A. Florio Maggie Moore Abrania Marrero Martha Tamez Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju Josiemer Mattei
author_facet	Kenny Mendoza-Herrera Andrea A. Florio Maggie Moore Abrania Marrero Martha Tamez Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju Josiemer Mattei
author_sort	Kenny Mendoza-Herrera
title	The Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence
title_short	The Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence
title_full	The Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence
title_fullStr	The Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence
title_full_unstemmed	The Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence
title_sort	leptin system and diet: a mini review of the current evidence
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1beee97708244800a17f076fe4d4b532
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The Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence

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